Chapter One: States of Matter

Question 1

mass

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 2

states of matter

Answer 2

solid, liquid, and gas are the 3 states of matter in which any substance can exist depending on the conditions of temperature and pressure.

Question 3

Fluid

Answer 3

a gas or a liquid they are able to flow.

Question 4

solid volume

Answer 4

has fixed volume

Question 5

liquid volume

Answer 5

has fixed volume

Question 6

gas volume

Answer 6

does not have a fixed volume - expands to fill the container

Question 7

solid shape

Answer 7

definite shape

Question 8

liquid shape

Answer 8

no definite shape- takes the shape of the container

Question 9

gas shape

Answer 9

no definite shape- takes the shape of the container

Question 10

melting point

Answer 10

the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid- it has the same value as the freezing point; a pure substance has a sharp mp.

Question 11

which state changes happen at particular temps?

Answer 11

boiling. melting, freezing, sublimation

Question 12

which state changes happen over a range of temps?

Answer 12

Evaporation and condensation.

Question 13

evaporation

Answer 13

a process occurring at the surface of a liquid involving the change of state from a liquid into a vapour at a temperature below the bp.

Question 14

boiling

Answer 14

the process of change from a liquid to gas at the bp of a substance; a condition in which gas bubbles are able to form within a liquid- gas molecules escape from the body of a liquid not just from its surface.

Question 15

boiling point

Answer 15

the temperature at which the liquid boils when the pressure of the gas created above the liquid equals atmospheric pressure.

Question 16

volatile

Answer 16

a term that describes a liquid that evaporates easily; it is a liquid with a low boiling point because there are only weak intermolecular forces between the molecules in the liquid.

Question 17

condensation

Answer 17

the change of a vapour or a glass into a liquid during this process heat is given out to the surroundings,

Question 18

Atmospheric pressure and bp

Answer 18

if the surrounding atmospheric pressure falls the bp falls.

Question 19

pure substance

Answer 19

a single chemical element or compound- it melts and boils at definite precise temperatures.

Question 20

gas substance

Answer 20

mp and bp are below room temp

Question 21

liquid substance

Answer 21

mp is below and bp is above room temp

Question 22

solid substance

Answer 22

mp and bp are above room temp

Question 23

impure substance

Answer 23

They affect the value of the mp or bp of a substance. They may sometimes smelt or boil over a range f temperatures rather than at one precise point of pure substances.

Question 24

lattice

Answer 24

a regular 3-dimensional arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystalline solid.

Question 25

atom

Answer 25

the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Question 26

the kinetic particle theory of mater

Answer 26

a theory which accounts for the bulk properties of different states of matter in terms of the movement of particles (atoms or molecules)- the theory explains what happens during changes in physical state.

Question 27

molecule

Answer 27

a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 28

intermolecular space

Answer 28

the space between atoms or molecules in a liquid or gas. The intermolecular space is small in a liquid but relatively large in a gas.

Question 29

separation, arrangement and motion s

Answer 29

motion- The atoms vibrate in fixed position separation- They are touching each other. arrangement- The particles are packed very closely together in a fixed and regular lattice arrangement.

Question 30

separation, arrangement and motion l

Answer 30

motion- The particles move and slide past each other separation- closely packed together but not as a solid. arrangement- in an irregular arrangement.

Question 31

separation, arrangement and motion g

Answer 31

motion- Move randomly, quickly and in a zigzag (random) manner in all directions separation- very far apart. arrangement- arranged totally irregularly

Question 32

chanve of gas particles interactigng more

Answer 32

external pressure in increased and higher temperatures.

Question 33

intermolecular forces

Answer 33

the weak attractive forces that act between molecules.

Question 34

exothermic reaction

Answer 34

a process or chemical reaction in which heat energy is produced and released to the surroundings.

Question 35

endothermic changes

Answer 35

a process or chemical reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings.

Question 36

mixture

Answer 36

2 or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined- the substance can be separated by physical means.

Question 37

solution

Answer 37

is formed when a substance (solute) dissolves into another substance (solvent)

Question 38

solute

Answer 38

teh solid substance that has dissolved in a liquid (the solvent) to form a reaction.

Question 39

solvent

Answer 39

the liquid that dissolves the solid solute to form a solution;

Question 40

suspension

Answer 40

a mixture containing small particles of insoluble solid, or droplets of an insoluble liquid spread (suspended) throughout the liquid.

Question 41

precipitation reaction

Answer 41

a reaction in which an insoluble salt is prepared from solutions of two soluble salts.

Question 42

miscible

Answer 42

if 2 liquids from a completely uniform mixture with added together they are said to be miscible.

Question 43

saturated solution

Answer 43

a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at a particular temperature.

Question 44

concentration

Answer 44

a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution. The solution can be diluted or concentrated. (high proportion of solute)

Question 45

solubility

Answer 45

a measure of how much of a solute dissolves in a solvent at a particular temperature.

Question 46

solubility and pressure

Answer 46

solubility increases in gas when pressure increases

Question 47

solubility and temperature

Answer 47

solubility decreases in gas as temperature increases.

Question 48

diffusion

Answer 48

the process by which different fluids mix as a result of the random motions of their particles.

Question 49

diffusion factors

Answer 49

heavier particles move more slowly than lighter particles at room temperature. larger molecules diffuse more slowly than smaller particles. rate of diffusion is inversely to the mass of the particles.