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Chemistry > Chapter One: States of Matter > Flashcards

Chapter One: States of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

mass

A

anything that occupies space and has mass.

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2
Q

states of matter

A

solid, liquid, and gas are the 3 states of matter in which any substance can exist depending on the conditions of temperature and pressure.

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3
Q

Fluid

A

a gas or a liquid they are able to flow.

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4
Q

solid volume

A

has fixed volume

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5
Q

liquid volume

A

has fixed volume

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6
Q

gas volume

A

does not have a fixed volume - expands to fill the container

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7
Q

solid shape

A

definite shape

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8
Q

liquid shape

A

no definite shape- takes the shape of the container

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9
Q

gas shape

A

no definite shape- takes the shape of the container

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10
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid- it has the same value as the freezing point; a pure substance has a sharp mp.

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11
Q

which state changes happen at particular temps?

A

boiling. melting, freezing, sublimation

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12
Q

which state changes happen over a range of temps?

A

Evaporation and condensation.

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13
Q

evaporation

A

a process occurring at the surface of a liquid involving the change of state from a liquid into a vapour at a temperature below the bp.

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14
Q

boiling

A

the process of change from a liquid to gas at the bp of a substance; a condition in which gas bubbles are able to form within a liquid- gas molecules escape from the body of a liquid not just from its surface.

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15
Q

boiling point

A

the temperature at which the liquid boils when the pressure of the gas created above the liquid equals atmospheric pressure.

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16
Q

volatile

A

a term that describes a liquid that evaporates easily; it is a liquid with a low boiling point because there are only weak intermolecular forces between the molecules in the liquid.

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17
Q

condensation

A

the change of a vapour or a glass into a liquid during this process heat is given out to the surroundings,

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18
Q

Atmospheric pressure and bp

A

if the surrounding atmospheric pressure falls the bp falls.

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19
Q

pure substance

A

a single chemical element or compound- it melts and boils at definite precise temperatures.

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20
Q

gas substance

A

mp and bp are below room temp

21
Q

liquid substance

A

mp is below and bp is above room temp

22
Q

solid substance

A

mp and bp are above room temp

23
Q

impure substance

A

They affect the value of the mp or bp of a substance. They may sometimes smelt or boil over a range f temperatures rather than at one precise point of pure substances.

24
Q

lattice

A

a regular 3-dimensional arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystalline solid.

25
Q

atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

26
Q

the kinetic particle theory of mater

A

a theory which accounts for the bulk properties of different states of matter in terms of the movement of particles (atoms or molecules)- the theory explains what happens during changes in physical state.

27
Q

molecule

A

a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

28
Q

intermolecular space

A

the space between atoms or molecules in a liquid or gas. The intermolecular space is small in a liquid but relatively large in a gas.

29
Q

separation, arrangement and motion s

A

motion- The atoms vibrate in fixed position
separation- They are touching each other.
arrangement- The particles are packed very closely together in a fixed and regular lattice arrangement.

30
Q

separation, arrangement and motion l

A

motion- The particles move and slide past each other
separation- closely packed together but not as a solid.
arrangement- in an irregular arrangement.

31
Q

separation, arrangement and motion g

A

motion- Move randomly, quickly and in a zigzag (random) manner in all directions
separation- very far apart.
arrangement- arranged totally irregularly

32
Q

chanve of gas particles interactigng more

A

external pressure in increased and higher temperatures.

33
Q

intermolecular forces

A

the weak attractive forces that act between molecules.

34
Q

exothermic reaction

A

a process or chemical reaction in which heat energy is produced and released to the surroundings.

35
Q

endothermic changes

A

a process or chemical reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings.

36
Q

mixture

A

2 or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined- the substance can be separated by physical means.

37
Q

solution

A

is formed when a substance (solute) dissolves into another substance (solvent)

38
Q

solute

A

teh solid substance that has dissolved in a liquid (the solvent) to form a reaction.

39
Q

solvent

A

the liquid that dissolves the solid solute to form a solution;

40
Q

suspension

A

a mixture containing small particles of insoluble solid, or droplets of an insoluble liquid spread (suspended) throughout the liquid.

41
Q

precipitation reaction

A

a reaction in which an insoluble salt is prepared from solutions of two soluble salts.

42
Q

miscible

A

if 2 liquids from a completely uniform mixture with added together they are said to be miscible.

43
Q

saturated solution

A

a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at a particular temperature.

44
Q

concentration

A

a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution. The solution can be diluted or concentrated.
(high proportion of solute)

45
Q

solubility

A

a measure of how much of a solute dissolves in a solvent at a particular temperature.

46
Q

solubility and pressure

A

solubility increases in gas when pressure increases

47
Q

solubility and temperature

A

solubility decreases in gas as temperature increases.

48
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which different fluids mix as a result of the random motions of their particles.

49
Q

diffusion factors

A

heavier particles move more slowly than lighter particles at room temperature.
larger molecules diffuse more slowly than smaller particles.
rate of diffusion is inversely to the mass of the particles.

Chemistry (5 decks)

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