Chapter One Quiz Questions Flashcards
Raul wants to understand why people talk to themselves. He believes that there must be an evolutionary cause for this behavior. Which of the following theoretical frameworks does Raul’s beliefs align with? A.) Behaviorism B.) Functionalism C.) Cognitivism D.) Structuralism
B.) Functionalism
Curtis is considering buying a new workout machine that promises weight loss at twice the rate of other machines. When Curtis asks the manufacturer about this claim, the customer service representative states that this is a new system and therefore previous research on weight loss is not applicable. This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience? A.) absence of connectivity B.) Overreliance on anecdotes C.) Lack of self-correction D.) Evasion of peer review
A.) Absence of connectivity
Time, expertise, and resources are all obstacles that ____ a.) Increase reliance on empiricism b.) increase reliance on authorities c.) diminish metaphysical claims d.) diminish skepticism
B.) Increase reliance on authorities
Dr.Wolpe designs an experiment to compare his theory of aggression with a competing theory. After conducting the appropriate statistical tests, he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory. His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of _____ a.) gullibility b.) pathological skepticism c.) scientific skepticism d.) dogmatism
C.) Scientific skepticism
In the natural world, there often are many different factors associated with the occurrence of a particular outcome. Therefore it is important that we as critical thinkers ____ whenever possible. a.) create unfalsifiable theories b.) remember that correlation equals causation c.) propose complex statements of causation d.) rule out rival hypotheses
D.) Rule out rival hypotheses
What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising? A.) Carl Rogers B.) William James C.) B.F. Skinner D.) John Watson
D.) John Watson
A classmate tells you the following: “It’s not how a teacher answers your question that matters, but how you interpret their attempt at answering your questions that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with their answer.” This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as _____. a.) Cognitivism b.) psychoanalysis c.) behaviorism d.) structuralism
A.) Cognitivism
Which of the following ideas is the most compelling evidence against the idea of free will? a.) Recent brain imaging studies have shown that readiness potential and conscious intention to behave co-occur. b.) We select when, where, and how to assert our option to engage in one behavior rather than in another. c.) People often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior. d.) Most of people’s behavior is deliberate and controlled.
C.) People often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior
A researcher is studying the factors surrounding drowning deaths in Florida across different months of the year. She finds that an increase in the amount of sunlight during the day is linked to an increased number of drowning incidents. Which of the following would be a violation of the correlation versus causation principle when she proposes her findings? a.)The researcher states that if there was no sunlight, drowning would never occur. b.) The researcher does not write enough detail on how she conducted the study to allow other researchers to mimic her methods. c.) The researcher believes that these occurrences are caused by extra-terrestrial activity. d.) The researcher concludes that drowning is caused by sunlight.
D.) The researcher concludes that drowning is caused by sunlight
Because none of us wants to believe we are wrong, we are usually reluctant to give us cherished notions. This phenomenon is known as ____. a.) The confirmation bias b.) The availability heuristic c.) The fundamental attribution d.) Belief perseverance
D.) Belief perseverance
Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global warming. To be consistent with the scientific method, students should develop their hypotheses based on _____. a.) Untestable predictions b.) Their own existing beliefs about the issue c.) Reports discussed on television d.) A well-supported scientific theory
D.) A well-supported scientific theory
Jane tells Emma about a documentary she watched suggesting that aliens have appeared on Earth. Emma shows Jane evidence that aliens do not exist. However, Jane seeks out more evidence for aliens’ existence within news articles and books at the library, and continues to talk to other people who share the same beliefs. What is Jane experiencing? a.) Scientific skepticism b.) Confirmation bias c.) Naive realism d.) Perspective taking
B.) Confirmation Bias
A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that _____. a.) A person’s future behavior is difficult to predict accurately b.) A person’s culture strongly influences everyday thoughts and behaviors c.) A particular behavior is the result of a single casual variable d.) People are influenced by other’s thoughts and behaviors
C.) A person’s behavior is the result of a single causal variable
Nico is meeting with his academic advisor. He wishes to pursue a career where he’ll work to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Nico aspires to be a(n) ____ psychologist. a.) clinical b.) forensic c.) experimental d.) school
A.) Clinical
A ____ psychologist works in prisons, jails, and other settings to assess inmates and assist in rehabilitation a.) school b.) biological c.) forensic d.) clinical
C.) Forensic
Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to argue that free will does not truly exist, and that we are simply unaware of the environmental influences that affect our behaviors at any given moment? a.) B.F. Skinner b.) Wilhelm Wundt c.) Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi d.) Sigmund Freud
A.) B.F. Skinner
