Chapter One: Introduction to Nutrition Flashcards
Life-sustaining substances in food
Nutrients
Scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them
Nutrition
a person’s usual pattern of food choices
Diet
-Major source of energy
-cellular development, physical growth and development
-regulation of body processes
-growth and development of the brain
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Lipids
-Major source of energy
-maintenance of normal blood glucose levels
-Elimination of solid waste from gastrointestinal tract (fiber)
Carbohydrates
-formation of structural components
-cellular development, growth , and the maintenance
regulation of body processes
-transportation of substances within the blood
-energy
Proteins
-Regulation of body processes
-immune function
-production and maintenance of cells
-protection against agents that can damage cellular components
Vitamins
-Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance and energy metabolism
-Formation of certain chemical messengers
formation of structural and functional components of various substances and tissues
-cellular development, growth, and maintenance
Minerals
-maintenance of fluid balance
-regulation of body temperature
-elimination of waste
transportation of substance
participation in many chemical reactions
Water
substance that cannot be operated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means
element
total of all the chemical processes that occur in living cells
Metabolism
chemistry refers to compounds that contain carbon
organic
chemistry refers to substances that do not contain carbon
inorganic
nutrient that must be supplied by food
essentail nutrient
state of health characterized by certain abnormal physiological changes that occur when the body lacks a nutrient
deficiency disease
physical changes associated with a disease state that are observable or measurable
signs
subjective complaints of ill health that may be difficult to observe or measure
symptoms
nutrients that are normally not essential but become essential under certain conditions such as during a serious illness
conditionally essential nutrients
nutrients that the body needs in large amounts
macronutrients
nutrients that the Boyd needs in a very small amounts
micronutrients
substances in plants that are not nutrients but may have healthful benefits
phytochemicals
amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water to 1 degree celsius
calorie
the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g of water 1 degree celsius
kilo calorie
device used to measure the calories in a sample of food
bomb calorimeter
long term
chronic
attribute, characteristic, or exposure that increase a person’s chances of developing a chronic disease
risk factor
college-trained healthcare professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrient and dietetics
registered dietitian nutritionists
application of nutrition and food information to achieve and maintain optimal health and to treat many health-related conditions
dietetics
describes a food that supplies more key beneficial nutrients and less solid fat, added sugars, refined starches, and sodium in relation to its caloric content
nutrient-dense
amount of energy a good provide per given weight of the food
energy density
calories from unhealthy solid fats and added sugars
empty calories from unhealthy solid fats and added sugars
refers to eating reasonable amounts of each food
moderation
product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake
dietary supplement
federal legislation that allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as food
dietary supplement health and education act of 1994
amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally
physiological dose
amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient and most commonly results from supplement consumption
megadose
nutritionally modified diets fro people with chronic health conditions
medical nutrition therapies
state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished
malnutrition
