Chapter One Flashcards
Matter
anything that takes up space and weights something.
What is Chemistry?
It is the study of matter and it’s changes.
What are the main types of matter?
Pure substances and mixture of substances.
What are the three most common states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
A mixture that is mostly water is called..?
Aqueous Solution
What are the two types of pure substances?
Elements and Compounds
What are the two types of mixture substances?
Homogeneous and Heterogenous
What is the name of the modern day human?
Homo sapiens
Pure Substances
is. matter that is made up of only one type of substance and can be one of two types - elements or compounds.
Element
is the simplest type of matter because it is made up of only one type of atom.
Atom
is the smallest unit of. matter than can exist and keep its chemically unique characteristics.
Compound
is a pure substance that I made of two or more elements that are chemically joined together.
Mixture
a combination or two or ore substances
Homogeneous
composition is the same throughout.
Heterogeneous
composition is not uniform, but varies throughout.
Periodic Table - Group
A vertical column of elements
Periodic Table - Row
A horizontal column of elements
What are the four mostly common found elements in food?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
Physical change
The form of matter is changed, but its identity or chemical formula remains the same
Chemical change
When a substance undergoes a change.
Example: Plant using carbon dioxide and water to make sugar.
Law of conservation of mass
Matter can neither be created or destroyed. Matter only changes from, so the amounts of matter on the reactant side and the product side must be equal.
Standard SI unit for mass
kilograms (kg)
Standard metric unit for mass
gram (g)
Standard SI unit for volume
liter (L)
Standard SI unit for length
meter (m)
1 kg =
2.2 lbs
Dimensional Analysis
The use of converting units to an equivalent unit
Significant Figures
are the digits in a value known with certainty plus an estimated digit.
Sig Figs- A digit is significant if it is
- not a zero
- a zero between nonzero digits
- a zero at the end of a umber with a decimal point
Sig Figs- A zero is NOT significant if it is
- at the beginning of a number with a decimal point
- in a large number without a decimal point
