Chapter One

Question 1

Define psychological science

Answer 1

The study of mind and behavior and the relationship between the two

Question 2

Who are psychology’s intellectual parents

Answer 2

Philosophy and physiology

Question 3

What were the schools of thought of the Mid 1800s?

Answer 3

Structuralism and functionalism

Question 4

What is structuralism, who is its main father, how is it researched, and what is its problem?

Answer 4

• The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind and the structure of it
• Wundt is “the father of psychology”
• it inspects and reports conscious experiences
• experience is subjective and reporting is not reliable

Question 5

What is functionalism, who is its father, and what is its problem

Answer 5

• the analysis of the functions served by the mind
• William James
• it is not sufficiently rigorous

Question 6

What are the schools of thought of the early 1900s

Answer 6

Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, behaviorism

Question 7

What is gestalt psychology, who is its father?

Answer 7

• the whole of personal experience does not equal the sum of its element
• the perception of an object is subjective and dependent on context
• Wertheimer

Question 8

What is psychoanalysis, who is its father, and what is its problem

Answer 8

• psychoanalysis is the analysis of the unconscious mental state
• Sigmund Freud
• difficult to test using scientific method

Question 9

What is behaviorism

Answer 9

• the analysis of the rule for stimuli/triggers and behavioral responses
• input (stimuli/triggers) —> ? —> output (behavioral responses)

Question 10

What are the schools of thought of the mid 1900s

Answer 10

Humanism and cognitive psychology

Question 11

What is humanism and what did it influence

Answer 11

• the analysis that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans (freedom, potential for personal growth)
• influenced psychotherapy

Question 12

What is cognitive psychology

Answer 12

• the study of mental functions such as intelligence, thinking, language, memory, and decision making

Question 13

What is the school of thought of the late 1900s

Answer 13

Cognitive neuroscience

Question 14

What is cognitive neuroscience

Answer 14

The study of neural mechanisms that underlie thought, learning, memory, and other mental activities

Question 15

What is evolutionary psychology

Answer 15

Attempts to explain useful traits as the products of evolution and natural selection

Question 16

What is developmental psychology

Answer 16

The study of how the brain develops from adolescence

Question 17

What is educational psych

Answer 17

The study of learning

Question 18

Biological psychology

Answer 18

Deals with biological bases of behavior

Question 19

What is health psychology

Answer 19

The study of psychological processes in health, illness, and healthcare

Question 20

What is clinical psychology

Answer 20

The study of psychological illnesses

Question 21

What is social psychology

Answer 21

Study of behavior in social atmosphere

Question 22

What is cognitive psych/neuroscience

Answer 22

Study of brain’s mental processes

Question 23

What is personality psych

Answer 23

Study of personality

Question 24

What is organizational/industrial psych

Answer 24

Applied to industries and institutions