Chapter One Flashcards
Managers
An individual who achieves goals through other people
Organization
A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
Planning
A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities
Organizing
Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made
Leading
A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts
Controlling
Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.
Technical Skills
The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise
Human Skills
The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups
Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations
Organizational Behavior
A field study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Systematic Study
Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence
Evidence-Based Management
The basing of managerial decision on the best available scientific evidence
Intuition
A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research
Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals
Social Psychology
An area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another
Sociology
The study of people in relation to their social environment or culture
Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities
Contingency Variables
Situational factors: Variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables
Workforce Diversity
The concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups
Positive Organizational Scholarship
An area of OB research that concerns how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential
Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Choices
Situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct
Model
An abstraction of reality. A simplified representations of some real-world phenomenon
Input
Variables that lead to processes
Processes
Actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes
Outcomes
Key factors that are affected by some other variables
Task Performance
The combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks
Citizenship Behavior
Discretionary behavior that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace
Withdrawal Behavior
The set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization
Group Cohesion
The extent to which members of a group support and validate on another while at work
Group Functioning
The quantity and quality of a work group’s output
Productivity
The combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization
Effectiveness
The degree to which an organization meets the needs of its clientele or customers
Efficiency
The degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost
Organizational Survival
The degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term
