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Biology 30 > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is nature?

A

everything in the world except what humans have created.

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2
Q

List the levels of life’s organization

A

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, multicelled organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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3
Q

Describe atom

A

fundamental units of all substance

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4
Q

Describe molecule

A

2 or more atoms joined in a chemical bond. Only living cells make the molecules of life

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5
Q

Describe cell

A

smallest unit that can live and reproduce on its own or as a part of a multicelled organism

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6
Q

Describe tissue

A

organized array of cells and substances that are interacting in some task

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7
Q

Describe organ

A

structural unit of two or more tissues that interact in one or more tasks

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8
Q

Describe organ system

A

organs that interact in one more tasks

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9
Q

Describe multicelled organisms

A

individual made of different types of cells

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10
Q

Describe population

A

group of single celled or multicelled individuals of a species in a given area

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11
Q

Describe community

A

all populations of all species in a specified area

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12
Q

Describe ecosystem

A

a community that is interacting with its physical environment through inputs and outputs of energy and materials

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13
Q

Describe biosphere

A

Most inclusive level - all regions of Earth’s waters, crust, and atmosphere that hold organisms

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14
Q

Define emergent properties

A

characteristics of a system that do not appear in any of its component partsex: cells have life, but its component parts (molecule and atom) do not have life, thus life is an emergent property of a cell

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15
Q

Define energy

A

The capacity to do work

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16
Q

Define nutrient

A

A particular type of atom or molecule that has an essential role in growth and survival

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17
Q

Define producers

A

One of two broad categories, get energy and simple raw materials from environmental sources and make their own foodex: plants use energy from the sun to make sugars from CO2 and water and the sugars function as packets of immediately available energy or as building blocks for larger molecules

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18
Q

Define consumers

A

One of two categories, cannot make their own food and get their energy and nutrients indirectly - that is, from eating producers and other organismsex: animals and decomposers (feed on wastes and remains of organisms)

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19
Q

True or False? Energy and nutrients are cycled among producers and consumers.

A

False. Nutrients is cycled among the producers and the consumers, but energy flows one way (from the environment to producers to consumers) With each transfer, heat is lost (mainly through metabolic heat)

20
Q

Define receptor

A

a molecule or cellular structure that responds to a specific form of stimulation, such as the energy of sunlight or the mechanical energy of a bite.

21
Q

What happens when a receptor is stimulated?

A

trigger changes in activities of organisms ex: after eating, body responds to input of sugars by producing insulin and stuff

22
Q

Define homeostasis

A

the way organisms sense and adjust to change to keep conditions of their internal environment (blood and tissue fluids) within range that favours cell survival

23
Q

Why is DNA important?

A

It is the basis of growth, survival, and reproduction, and is the source of each organism;s distinct features or traits

24
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

instructions. Cells use the instructions to make proteins (long chains of amino acids)

25
Q

Define inheritance

A

the transmission of DNA from parents to offspring

26
Q

Define reproduction

A

actual mechanisms by which parents transmit DNA to offspring

27
Q

Define development

A

the orderly transformation of the first cell of a new individual into an adult

28
Q

List the biological levels of classification

A

Life, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species —> kings poop constantly on Fridays, good sir

29
Q

List the three domains

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya–> scientists haven’t really reached a consensus on how many domains there are, so…

30
Q

Describe prokayrotic ogranisms

A

as a group, have the most diverse ways of procuring energy and nutrients. producers and consumers in nearly all Earth’s environments (including extreme hots/colds) probably resemble the first cells

31
Q

Describe protists

A

Simplest eukaryotic organisms, different kinds are producers or consumers, many are single cells that are larger and far more complex than prokaryotes.

32
Q

Describe fungi

A

most are mutlicelled, many are decomposers, all secrete enzymes that digest food outside the body, their cells absorb the released nutrients. without fungi, communities would become buried in their own wastes

33
Q

Describe plants

A

multicelled, most live on land or in freshwater environments. nearly all are photosynthetic, producers that feed much of the biosphere

34
Q

Describe animals

A

multicelled consumers that ingest tissues or juices of other organisms

35
Q

Define mutations

A

changes in DNA

36
Q

Define natural selection

A

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that differ in the details of their heritable traits is called natural selection

37
Q

Define evolution

A

change that occurs in a line of descent

38
Q

Discuss the scientific method

A

some of the steps of the scientific method include: observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, observational test, experimental test, analysis, conclusion, sharing

39
Q

Define sampling error

A

A difference between results from a subset and results from the whole, most often happens when sample size is small[see example on page 16 of textbook if you want]

40
Q

Define biosphere`

A

everywhere life exists

41
Q

Define biodiversity

A

variety of life, increases towards the equator

42
Q

Define species

A

one particular type of living thing. members of species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. different species have different body structures that have different functions structure determines function

43
Q

Foundational theories of biology are…

A

cell theory and evolutionary theory

44
Q

Characteristics of living things

A

require energy, intake nutrient from environmentexpel wasteadapt to their surroundingsreproducecan moveevolve though generationhave nuclueic acid (DNA or RNA)can growcomposed of cellsrequire watermaintain homeostasis

45
Q

Why is understanding biology important?

A

understanding health, environmental issues, etc

Biology 30 (26 decks)

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