Chapter one Flashcards
what does the word “police” come from?
The latin word “politia”
the latin and greek terms for police assume police are…
involved in the administration of a city
when was the first time the term “police” was used as administration of public order?
France in the early 18th century
Marine Police
a force established in 1798 to protect merchandise in the port of London
in technical terms, the police represent…
a civil power of government as opposed to military government in times of war
Policing
maintaining order and dealing with lawbreakers
when did Modern-style police departments appear?
the fourteenth century in France and the nineteenth century in England
what were the first LE professionals called? how and when?
Magistrates (judges). They were unpaid and appointed by the citizens
what were the duties of Magistrates?
adjudicate cases, presiding in courts, ordering arrests, calling witnesses, and examining prisoners
adjudicate
to make a formal decision on a matter.
what was life for citizens like before police?
Citizens were responsible for protecting themselves and keeping an orderly community, even with Magistrates citizens arrested offenders and punished them.
Romans contribution
- elected magistrates around third century BCE.
- created the first specialized investigative unit around fifth century BCE
what was the first specialized investigative unit called?
Questors or Trackers of murder
who can be considered the first police officers?
the Praetorian Gaurd in first century BCE
what was the job of a Praetorian Guard?
to protect the palace and the emperor
Praefectus Urbi
to protect the city and the Vigiles of Rome
what were the Vigils considered as?
the first civil police force signed to protect citizens
what two words come from the Vigils?
Vigilance and Vigilante
Lictors definition
public officials appointed to serve as bodyguards for the magistrates during the first century CE. Authority over life and limb.
what changes were made in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?
Kings began to assume responsibility for law and officials were appointed to replace the watch and other forms of defense
what other early police roles are there?
Provost - Paris 13th, enforces law and night watch, assisted by investigating commissioners and sergeants
Maréchaussée - France 1356, military patrol to maintain peace on highways, today they’re called “Gendarmerie Nationale” and police areas outside France’s major cities
by the 18th century what developments did both Paris and Munich have?
professional police that were armed and credited with keeping the cities safe and orderly.
where is the American System of law and criminal justice borrowed from?
the English police experience
Robert Peel
established the London Metropolitan Police department in 1829
tithings (mutual pledge)
10 families who grouped together to protect one another and to assume responsibility for the acts of the group’s members
10 tithings (mutual pledge)
100 families grouped together under charge of a constable
who was the first form of an English police officer?
the constable
shires (mutual pledge)
groups of hundreds within specific geographic areas who are under control of the king and governed by a shire-reeve or sheriff.
what did the Statute of Winchester establish?
watch and ward, hue and cry, parish constable, and requirement that all males keep weapons in their homes for use in maintaining the public peace.
the three major duties of watch men (night watch)
- patrolling the streets from dusk until dawn
- lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from streets, and putting out fires
- enforcing the criminal law
parish constable
was the primary urban law enforcement agent in England, organized and supervised watches
major role of “their-takers”
combat highway robbery and crime from highwaymen, street robbers, sheep stealers, etc.
the act of Parliament 1693
established a monetary reward for the capture of an road agent or armed robber
Henry Fielding
appointed in 1748 in Westminster. He attempted to decrease theft by establishing relationships with local pawnbrokers.
Englands timeline
1763: created civilian horse patrol in london
1770: foot patrol
1798: river or marine police
1804: horse patrol is established in London
1829: Rober Peel’s police force, the Metropolitan police, established in London
Patric Colquhoun
a London magistrate who established a small, publicly funded Marine police based off of the bow street runners in 1798
horse patrol 1804
in central London; two inspectors and 52 men in uniform
