Chapter One

Question 1

Perceptual Process

Answer 1

The process by which an environmental stimulus is observed and perceived, beginning with the environmental stimulus and ending with the subject perceiving, recognizing, and taking action with respect to the environmental stimulus

Question 2

Environmental Stimulus

Answer 2

A stimulus that exists in the environment, as opposed to an internal stimulus

Question 3

Principle of Transformation

Answer 3

Stimuli and responses created by the stimuli are transformed, or changed, between the environmental stimulus and perception

Question 4

Principle of Representation

Answer 4

Everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact with stimuli but on representations of stimuli that are formed on the receptors and on activity in the person’s nervous system

Question 5

Sensory Receptors

Answer 5

Cells specialized to respond to environmental energy

Question 6

Visual Pigment

Answer 6

A light-sensitive chemical that creates an equivalent electrical charge in response to stimulus by light

Question 7

Transduction

Answer 7

The transformation of one form of energy into another. For example, the change from light to electric caused by the visual pigment.

Question 8

Neural Processing

Answer 8

Changes in electrical signals in the brain caused by the signal’s travel through the maze of neurons in the brain

Question 9

Primary Receiving Area (PRA)

Answer 9

An area of the brain each category of sensory signals have that receive the signals

Question 10

Occiptial Lobe

Answer 10

The PRA for Vision signals is located in this lobe.

Question 11

Temporal Lobe

Answer 11

The PRA for hearing is located in this lobe.

Question 12

Parietal Lobe

Answer 12

The PRA for skin senses such as touch, temperature, and pain is located in this lobe.

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

This lobe receives signals from all senses, and helps coordinate information between two different senses.

Question 14

Perception

Answer 14

Conscious awareness of the environment and any objects in the enviroment

Question 15

Recongition

Answer 15

Placing an object that has been perceived in a meaningful category

Question 16

Visual Form Agnosia

Answer 16

An inability to recognize objects

Question 17

Action

Answer 17

Motor activities done in response to the now-recognized environmental stimulus

Question 18

Rat-Man Demonstration

Answer 18

A demonstration that recently acquired knowledge can influence perception

Question 19

Data-based Processing

Answer 19

Processing based on the stimuli reaching the receptors.

Question 20

Knowledge-based Proccessing

Answer 20

Processing that is based on knowledge

Question 21

Psychophysical approach

Answer 21

An approach to perception that measures the relationship between the stimuli and the behavioral response

Question 22

Physiological Approach

Answer 22

An approach that measures two relationships: the relationship between stimuli and physiological response and the relationship between physiological responses and behavioral responses

Question 23

Oblique Effect

Answer 23

An observation that individuals have better detail vision of horizontal and vertical lines than of slanted lines