chapter one

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by it’s chemical nature alters structure or function in a living organism

Question 2

illicit drug

Answer 2

a drug that is unlawful to possess or use

Question 3

deviant drug use

Answer 3

drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority

Question 4

drug misuse

Answer 4

use of prescription drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist

Question 5

substance addiction

Answer 5

refers to cases in which people have struggled to control substance use and have suffered serious negative consequences from that use

Question 6

risk factors

Answer 6

correlated with higher rates of drug use

Question 7

protective factors

Answer 7

correlated with lower rates of drug use

Question 8

abuse

Answer 8

consists of the use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug use causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring

Question 9

drug dependence

Answer 9

a state in which the individual uses the drug so frequently and consistently that it appears that it would be difficult for the person to get along without using the drug

Question 10

addiction

Answer 10

only refers to cases in which people have struggled to control their use and have suffered serious negative consequences from that use

Question 11

antecedent

Answer 11

a variable that occurs before some event such as the initiation of drug use

Question 12

gateway drug

Answer 12

one of the first drugs used by a typical drug user

Question 13

reinforcement

Answer 13

a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated. the behavior of taking a drug may be reinforced by the effect of the drug