chapter one Flashcards
this is geography
The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
scale
The physical gap or interval between two objects
space
The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
connection
A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic
place
An area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics.
region
Description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude.
absolute location
The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features
acculturation
The process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group
assimilation
An approach to human geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space
behavioral geography
The extent of a feature’s spread over a given area
concentration
A map in which the projection and scale are distorted in order to convey the information of a variable
cartogram
A map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable
choropleth map
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
contagious diffusion
A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
cultural ecology
The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people
culture
combination of cultural, economic, and physical features
cultural landscape
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
density
The process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time
diffusion
The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
distance decay
The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface
distribution
A map that depicts data that consists of discrete observations. Each dot represents a predetermined number of observations, which could be one or many
dot distribution map
physical environment caused human activities/social development
environmental determinism
physical environment may limit human actions, but humans have the ability to adjust to their environments
possibilism
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process
expansion diffusion
An region in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics
formal/uniform region
An area organized around a node or focal point
functional/nodal region
A computer system that captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data
geographic information system
Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies
geographic information science (GIScience)
Identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates
geotagging
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
globalization
A map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable
graduated symbol map
A place from which an innovation originates
hearth
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
hierarchical diffusion
An approach to human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings
humanistic geography
A map that connects places of a particular value by lines
isoline map
the position of anything on earth’s surface
location
The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0°)
latitude
The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°)
longitude
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it
map
The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface
map scale
A map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service
mashup
An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles
meridian
A chain of communication that connects places
network
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
parallel
The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England
prime meridian
The science of taking measurements of Earth’s surface from photographs
photogrammetry
The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
relocation diffusion
Land that the Dutch have created by draining water from an area
polder
Geographic approach that examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontations that result from the domination
postructuralist geography
A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map
projection
The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods
remote sensing
The location of a place relative to another place
situation/relative location
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
space time compression
The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature
spatial association
The spread of an underlying principle
stimulus diffusion
The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
syncretism
The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface
toponym
An region that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
vernacular/perpetual region
The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
uneven development
