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Anatomy 2500 > chapter one > Flashcards

chapter one Flashcards

1
Q

what is the oldest scientific discipline of medicine?

A

anatomein

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1
Q

greek verb: “cut open, to dissect”

A

anatomein

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2
Q

anatomy and history during BC time

A

-biblical references–> book of Job
-egypt–> mummification
-greek contribution and controversy

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3
Q

anatomy and history during 1st century

A

-Galen dissects animals–>notes about organs
-Muslim scholars in Arabia study nervous system
-Italy becomes hub of study–> formed 1st college
(problem during this time: thought evil spirits attached to dissecting humans)

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4
Q

anatomy and history during 15-16th century

A

-renaissance and science–> finally accepted to study humans
-Michelangelo and Da Vinci–> learning anatomy through art
-Andreas Vesalius

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5
Q

anatomy and history during 19th-20th century

A

-technology and imaging
-microscopic study
-gross anatomy
(Gold standard period)

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6
Q

what was the 1st textbook

A

Gray’s Anatomy

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7
Q

what is the problem with textbooks

A

only provides/portrays the most common structural arrangements
e.g. fabella is left out (40% of people have it)

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8
Q

what are the 6 organizational levels within anatomy

A
  1. chemical
  2. cellular
  3. tissue
  4. organ
  5. system
  6. organismal
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9
Q

what are the 11 body systems:

A
  1. integumentary
  2. skeletal
  3. muscular
  4. cardiovascular
  5. lymphatic and Immunity
  6. nervous
  7. endocrine
  8. respiratory
  9. digestive
  10. urinary
  11. reproductive
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10
Q

a conference where a group of scientists meet to officialize names (last meeting was in 2020)

A

terminologia anatomica

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11
Q

how many human gross anatomy structures are there?

A

7500

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12
Q

root word=

A

tissue/organ

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13
Q

prefix/sufix=

A

description

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14
Q

describe anatomical position

A

standard reference position is person facing away and toward with palms facing forward/thumbs pointing out

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15
Q

directional term for front of body

A

anterior/ventral

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16
Q

directional term for back of the body

A

posterior/dorsal

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17
Q

directional term for same side of body from what is referenced

A

ipsilateral

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18
Q

directional term for opposite side of body from what is referenced

A

contralateral

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19
Q

directional term for face down

A

prone

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20
Q

directional term for face up

A

supine (can hold a cup of soup in this position)

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21
Q

directional term for only limbs where the point of reference is closer to the attachment to trunk

A

proximal

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22
Q

directional term for only limbs where the point of reference is farthest away from attachment to trunk

A

distal

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23
Q

directional term for body part away from the midline/center of body

A

lateral

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24
Q

directional term for body part in/near the midline of body

A

medial

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25
Q

directional term for point of reference nearer to the head

A

superior

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26
Q

directional term for point of reference closer to the feet

A

inferior

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27
Q

head

A

cephalic

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28
Q

neck

A

cervical

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29
Q

armpit

A

axillary

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30
Q

arm

A

brachial

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31
Q

front of elbow

A

antecubital

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32
Q

forearm

A

antebrachial

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33
Q

wrist

A

carpal

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34
Q

palm

A

palmar or volar

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35
Q

fingers

A

digital or phalangeal

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36
Q

thigh

A

femoral

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37
Q

anterior surface of knee

A

patellar

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38
Q

leg

A

crural

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39
Q

foot

A

pedal

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40
Q

ankle

A

tarsal

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41
Q

toes

A

digital or phalangeal

42
Q

forehead

A

frontal

43
Q

temple

A

temporal

44
Q

eye

A

orbital or ocular

45
Q

ear

A

otic

46
Q

cheek

A

buccal

47
Q

nose

A

nasal

48
Q

mouth

A

oral

49
Q

chin

A

mental

50
Q

breastbone

A

sternal

51
Q

breast

A

mammary

52
Q

chest

A

thoracic

53
Q

abdomen

A

abdominal

54
Q

navel

A

umbilical

55
Q

hip

A

coxal

56
Q

pelvis

A

pelvic

57
Q

groin

A

inguinal

58
Q

thumb

A

pollex

59
Q

hand

A

manual

60
Q

pubis

A

pubic

61
Q

top of foot

A

dorsum

62
Q

great toe

A

hallux

63
Q

base of skull

A

occipital

64
Q

shoulder blade

A

scapular

65
Q

spinal column

A

vertebral

66
Q

back of elbow

A

olecranal or cubital

67
Q

between the hips (posterior)

A

sacral

68
Q

buttock

A

gluteal

69
Q

region of anus and external genitals

A

perineal

70
Q

hollow behind knee

A

popliteal

71
Q

calf

A

sural

72
Q

sole of foot

A

plantar

73
Q

heel

A

calcaneal

74
Q

back of hand

A

dorsum

75
Q

loin

A

lumbar

76
Q

back

A

dorsal

77
Q

enclosed space in the human body that contain organs

A

cavity

78
Q

what separates one cavity from another?

A

muscles, bones, membranes

79
Q

cranial cavity is enclosed by … and which organs

A

-cranial bones
-brain

80
Q

vertebral canal enclosed by— and which organs

A

-vertebral column
-spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves

81
Q

thoracic cavity is the ____ cavity

A

chest

82
Q

what are the sub cavities of the thoracic cavity

A

2 pleural cavities, 1 pericardial cavity, and mediastinum

83
Q

pleural cavity is enclosed by and which organs

A

-pleura (serous membrane)
-lungs (one around each)

84
Q

pericardial cavity enclosed by and which organs

A

-pericardium (serous membrane)
-heart

85
Q

central portion of thoracic cavity between lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm

A

mediastinum

86
Q

which organs does the mediastinum contain

A

heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and large blood vessels

87
Q

true or false: the mediastinum is a cavity located within the thoracic cavity

A

false: the mediastinum is not a cavity but instead the middle region of the thoracic cavity

88
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

makes up the abdominal and pelvic cavities

89
Q

abdominal cavity, which organs does it hold?

A

-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine

90
Q

pelvic cavity, which organs inside?

A

-bladder, part of large intestine, and internal sex organs

91
Q

the abdominopelvic cavity is enclosed by

A

peritoneum

92
Q

plane

A

imaginary piece of glass that slices through body

93
Q

section

A

cut of the plane

94
Q

plane that divides body into right and left sections–> shows side view

A

sagittal plane

95
Q

plane that divides body into anterior and posterior sections–> front or back view

A

frontal/coronal plane

96
Q

plane that divides body into superior and inferior sections–> above or below view

A

transverse plane

97
Q

plane that is not one of the x,y,z sections

A

oblique plane

98
Q

what is the portion of the body that makes up the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

A

viscera

99
Q

What is the term for organs that are located between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall?

A

viscera

100
Q

What is the term for the portion of the serous membrane that lines the walls of body cavities?

A

parietal layer

101
Q

what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions

A

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal

102
Q

what are the lines that divide up the abdominopelvic region

A

2 vertical midclavicular lines and 1 horizontal subcostal line (under lungs) and 1horizontal transtubercular

Anatomy 2500 (1 decks)

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