Chapter One

Question 1

Three Types of Muscles

Answer 1

smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

Question 2

Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a layer of… [connective tissue]

Answer 2

Epimysium [Epi means over]

Question 3

A bundle of muscle fibers

Answer 3

fasciculus

Question 4

Each fasciculus is surrounded and separated by…. [connective tissue]

Answer 4

Endomysium [Endo means within]

Question 5

The only direct source of energy for muscle actions [found in water solution of sarcoplasm/cytoplasm]

Answer 5

ATP [Adenosine Triphosphate]

Question 6

Energy sources found in sarcoplasm

Answer 6

ATP, phosphocreatine, glycogen, and fat droplets

Question 7

Sites of aerobic ATP production

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

An organelle that stores calcium and regulates the muscle action process by altering calcium concentration.

Answer 8

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 9

Columnar proteins structures contained within each muscles cell

Answer 9

Myofibril

Question 10

Consisting of a head, neck, and tail. The head pulls on the actin filament

Answer 10

Myosin

Question 11

Thin filament that myosin attaches to

Answer 11

Actin

Question 12

Regulators of the interactions between Myosin and Actin

Answer 12

Troponin and Tropomyosin

Question 13

Basic contractile unit of muscle

Answer 13

Sarcomere

Question 14

The location where muscle receive stimulus from the nervous system

Answer 14

Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 15

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 16

Concentric Muscle Action

Answer 17

Eccentric Muscle Action

Answer 18

Isometric Muscle Action

Question 19

During resistance training, individuals perceive this muscle action as more difficult and therefore perceive it to be more important

Answer 19

concentric phase

Question 20

T or F There is evidence that an emphasis on both the concentric and eccentric action phases is important to maximize the benefits of resistance training

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Soreness that occurs 24 to 48 hours after performing novel exercises caused by damage to connective and muscle tissue followed by an inflammatory reaction that activates pain receptors

Answer 21

DOMS Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Question 22

Strategies to combat DOMS

Answer 22

Nutritional supplements, massage, ice, ultrasound, and exercise (temporary relief)

Question 23

Previously theorized reason for DOMS

Answer 23

Build up of lactic acid

Answer 24

Oxidative Capacity