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Health from a Christian perspective (Freshman Year) > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

the product of united ovum and sperm cells

goes through a rapid divison phase

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2
Q

Ovum

A

A female reproductive cell

unites with the sperm to create a zygote

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3
Q

Sperm

A

A male reproductive cell

unites with the ovum to create a zygote

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4
Q

Blastocyst

The second stage of the development of life

A

a hollow ball of cells

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5
Q

Uterus

also known as the womb

A

Female organ thst nuroishes a developing baby

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6
Q

Embryo

A

what a baby is refered to after it implants into the wall of the uterus

once this is implanted the cell continues to divide to form its organs

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7
Q

Placenta

A

a sac of blood vessles that develop during the 3rd and 4th weeks and forms a wall between the mother and the baby

also serves as the kidneys, lungs, and intestines for the baby

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8
Q

Umbilical cord

A

attaches the baby to the placenta and is made of a bundle of 3 blood vessles allowing for the exchange of nutrients from the mother to the baby

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9
Q

Fetus

A

at 9 weeks of development the embryo is now called a fetus

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10
Q

Adolesence

A

the transitional change between childhood and adulthood

puberty comes with this

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11
Q

Puberty

A

Stage where the body is now able to reproduce

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12
Q

Endocrinology

A

the study of the endocrine system

its structure, functions, disorders, and diseases

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13
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce hormones that help regulate bodys growth and development

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14
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers that communicate with various parts of the body

controlled by the endocrine glands

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15
Q

Pituitary gland

A

called the master gland because it effects all the other endocrine glands. secretes somatotropin and the aitidiruretic hormones

connects to the hypothalamus and has the anterior and posterior lobes

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

part of the brain that is largely responsible for the physical effects of your emotions

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17
Q

somatotropin

A

your growth hormone

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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18
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s water balance

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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19
Q

Thyroid gland

A

located in the front of the neck and regulates metabolism with its hormone: thyroxine

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20
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical and physical process of which the body “burns” food and generates energy

regulated by thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland

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21
Q

Thyroxine

A

regulates metabolism and contains iodine

secreted by the thyroid gland

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22
Q

Parathyroid glands

two located on each lobe of the thyroid gland

A

regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

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23
Q

Adrenal glands

A

produces epinephrine, aldosterone, and cortisol

regulates stress

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24
Q

epinephrine

A

is the emergency action hormone that prepares the body for stressful situations in which strength and endurance are required

also known as adrenaline and is secreted by the adrenal glands

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25
aldosterone
stimulates the kidneys to conserve nessasary liquids | produced by the adrenal glands
26
cortisol
stimulate the body to heal itself after major stress or an injury | produced the adrenal glands and can also be produced more when laughing
27
pancreas
an important organ that lies behind the stomach containing the Islets of Langerhans
28
Islets of Langerhans
secrets insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar | spread throught the pancreas
29
insulin
stimulates the liver and muscules to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen | produced by the Islets of Langerhans
30
Glycogen
a type of startch and the storgage form of glucagon | insulin stores this in the liver to remove blood sugar
31
Glucagon
stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose therefore increasing the amount of blood sugar in the blood stream | produced by the Islets of Langerhans
32
Gonads
reproductive glands | ovaries and testes
33
Ovaries
female reproductive glands | gonad
34
Estrogens
The main hormone produced by the ovaries | female
35
Testes
male reproductive glands | Gonads
36
Testosterone
Main hormone produced by the testes | male
37
Pineal gland
Main function is to regulate sleep and produces melatonin
38
Melatonin
The main hormone of the pineal gland and triggers sleepiness
39
Gastroenterology
The study of the digestive system
40
Digestion
the physical and chemical breakdown of nutrients to make energy the body can use
41
Crown | (tooth)
The part of the tooth you can see
42
Enamel | (tooth)
covering the crown protecting the tooth | one of the hardest substances in the body
43
Dentin | (tooth)
lies under the enamel and forms the main part/shape of the tooth
44
Pulp | (tooth)
soft tissue that fills the hollow center of the tooth and contains nerves and blood vessels that connects to the root canal
45
Root canal | (tooth)
an opening at the tip of the tooths root which nerves and blood vessels enter through
46
Cementum | (tooth)
Thin bone-like covering over the root that holds the tooth in place | like glue
47
Periodantal Membrane | (tooth)
Is between the jaw and the cementum and proudces cementum so it doesnt run out
48
Gingiva | gums
the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and holding it in place and protecting roots from decay
49
Tounge
actually a muscular organ that forms food into a ball then pushes it to the back of th throat
50
Pharnyx
medical term for your throat
51
Uvula
a small muscular flap at the back of your throat protecting your nasal passages from food or liquid
52
epiglottis
a small flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the lungs
53
Enzymes
protein molecules designed to speed up the process of chemical digestion
54
Salivary Glands
one pair by the ears, under the lower jaw, and under the tounge that produce saliva
55
Saliva
a digestive juice containing water, juice, and digestive enzymes that moistens food, making it easier to chew and swallow and helps neutrilize acids in the mouth | produced by salivary glands
56
Esophagas
a muscular tube that connects the pharanyx to the stomach
57
Peristalis
wave-like contractions that moves food through the esphogas more effciently
58
stomach
a muscular organ that had the largest diameter of any section of the digestive tract. Has 3 layers of protection from the gastric juices it produces
59
Gastric juice
a mix of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and mucus to continuing breaking down food
60
chyme
The gastric juices break the food down into a thick liquid
61
Mucous membrane
Lines the walls of the stomach and provides more protection from the digestive enzymes
62
Small Intestine
Small diameter but has the longest length of any intestine in the digestive system
63
Duodenum
The first 10 inches of the digestive tract
64
Jejunum
The middle section in the small intestine where the most absorbstion occurs
65
Absorption
The movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream
66
Villi
hairlike projections giving the small intestine a larger surface area for absorbtion
67
ileum
the longest part of the small intestine where undigestive food moves through to reach the colon
68
Colon | Large intestine
Larger in diameter but shorter than the small intestine
69
Appendix
a finger-like projection that has no function in digestive that is known
70
feces
waste stored in the rectum
71
rectum
last few inches of the digestive tract where feces are stored until they are eliminated
72
Pancreas
produces pancreatic juice which contains enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins
73
Liver
The largest internal organ of the body that preforms hundreds of functions but most importantly it secrets bile
74
Bile
a digestive juice responsible for breaking down tough to digest things like fats and oils | Produced by the liver
75
Gallbladder
stores the bile and is stuimulated to release the bile to aid in digestion
76
Carbohydrates
sugar and straches composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that give us most of our energy and should make up 45% to 65% of our diet
77
Monosaccharides
one simple sugar chain and is a simple carbohydrate
78
disaccharides
two monosaccharides combined and a simple carbohydrates
79
polysaccharides
a formed chain of simple carbohydrates of any length and called a complex carbohydarte
80
Complex carbohydarte
a long chain of simple carbohydrates
81
dietary fiber
helps lower the amount of cholesterol in your body
82
Cholesterol
a fat-like substance that can build up in veins and block blood flow
83
Proteins
Made of long chains of amino acids that can be built to create new proteins
84
Amino acids
building blocks of proteins that can be built ot create different proteins
85
essential amino acids
amino acids that you need that your body can't produce by itself
86
incomplete proteins
proteins that lack one or more amino acids
87
fatty acids
chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen attached to a sugar molcule
88
triglycerides
a typical fat molcule consisting of 3 fatty acids
89
lipids
a general term for a fat like substances that are typically in soluable in water
90
Saturated fatty acids
animal fats that hold as much hydrogen atoms as possible and are solid at room tempuature
91
Unsaturated fats
plant oils that hold less than their maximum amount of hydrogen atoms and are liquid at room tempurature
92
monounsaturated fat
a fat that lacks only one hydrogen atom
93
Polyunsaturated fat
a fat that lacks two or more hydrogen atoms
94
essential fatty acids
essential fat you can only get by eating specific foods
95
hydrogenated oil
oils that have added hydrogen
96
lipoproteins
packages of fats and proteins transported through the bloodstream (HDL) have high density in proteins and low density in lipoproteins (LDL) have low a high density of cholesterol

Health from a Christian perspective (Freshman Year) (1 decks)

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