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Health from a Christian perspective (Freshman Year) > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

the product of united ovum and sperm cells

goes through a rapid divison phase

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2
Q

Ovum

A

A female reproductive cell

unites with the sperm to create a zygote

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3
Q

Sperm

A

A male reproductive cell

unites with the ovum to create a zygote

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4
Q

Blastocyst

The second stage of the development of life

A

a hollow ball of cells

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5
Q

Uterus

also known as the womb

A

Female organ thst nuroishes a developing baby

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6
Q

Embryo

A

what a baby is refered to after it implants into the wall of the uterus

once this is implanted the cell continues to divide to form its organs

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7
Q

Placenta

A

a sac of blood vessles that develop during the 3rd and 4th weeks and forms a wall between the mother and the baby

also serves as the kidneys, lungs, and intestines for the baby

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8
Q

Umbilical cord

A

attaches the baby to the placenta and is made of a bundle of 3 blood vessles allowing for the exchange of nutrients from the mother to the baby

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9
Q

Fetus

A

at 9 weeks of development the embryo is now called a fetus

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10
Q

Adolesence

A

the transitional change between childhood and adulthood

puberty comes with this

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11
Q

Puberty

A

Stage where the body is now able to reproduce

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12
Q

Endocrinology

A

the study of the endocrine system

its structure, functions, disorders, and diseases

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13
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce hormones that help regulate bodys growth and development

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14
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers that communicate with various parts of the body

controlled by the endocrine glands

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15
Q

Pituitary gland

A

called the master gland because it effects all the other endocrine glands. secretes somatotropin and the aitidiruretic hormones

connects to the hypothalamus and has the anterior and posterior lobes

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

part of the brain that is largely responsible for the physical effects of your emotions

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17
Q

somatotropin

A

your growth hormone

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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18
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s water balance

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

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19
Q

Thyroid gland

A

located in the front of the neck and regulates metabolism with its hormone: thyroxine

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20
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical and physical process of which the body “burns” food and generates energy

regulated by thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland

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21
Q

Thyroxine

A

regulates metabolism and contains iodine

secreted by the thyroid gland

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22
Q

Parathyroid glands

two located on each lobe of the thyroid gland

A

regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

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23
Q

Adrenal glands

A

produces epinephrine, aldosterone, and cortisol

regulates stress

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24
Q

epinephrine

A

is the emergency action hormone that prepares the body for stressful situations in which strength and endurance are required

also known as adrenaline and is secreted by the adrenal glands

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25
Q

aldosterone

A

stimulates the kidneys to conserve nessasary liquids

produced by the adrenal glands

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26
Q

cortisol

A

stimulate the body to heal itself after major stress or an injury

produced the adrenal glands and can also be produced more when laughing

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27
Q

pancreas

A

an important organ that lies behind the stomach containing the Islets of Langerhans

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28
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

secrets insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar

spread throught the pancreas

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29
Q

insulin

A

stimulates the liver and muscules to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen

produced by the Islets of Langerhans

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30
Q

Glycogen

A

a type of startch and the storgage form of glucagon

insulin stores this in the liver to remove blood sugar

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31
Q

Glucagon

A

stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose therefore increasing the amount of blood sugar in the blood stream

produced by the Islets of Langerhans

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32
Q

Gonads

A

reproductive glands

ovaries and testes

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33
Q

Ovaries

A

female reproductive glands

gonad

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34
Q

Estrogens

A

The main hormone produced by the ovaries

female

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35
Q

Testes

A

male reproductive glands

Gonads

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36
Q

Testosterone

A

Main hormone produced by the testes

male

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37
Q

Pineal gland

A

Main function is to regulate sleep and produces melatonin

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38
Q

Melatonin

A

The main hormone of the pineal gland and triggers sleepiness

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39
Q

Gastroenterology

A

The study of the digestive system

40
Q

Digestion

A

the physical and chemical breakdown of nutrients to make energy the body can use

41
Q

Crown

(tooth)

A

The part of the tooth you can see

42
Q

Enamel

(tooth)

A

covering the crown protecting the tooth

one of the hardest substances in the body

43
Q

Dentin

(tooth)

A

lies under the enamel and forms the main part/shape of the tooth

44
Q

Pulp

(tooth)

A

soft tissue that fills the hollow center of the tooth and contains nerves and blood vessels that connects to the root canal

45
Q

Root canal

(tooth)

A

an opening at the tip of the tooths root which nerves and blood vessels enter through

46
Q

Cementum

(tooth)

A

Thin bone-like covering over the root that holds the tooth in place

like glue

47
Q

Periodantal Membrane

(tooth)

A

Is between the jaw and the cementum and proudces cementum so it doesnt run out

48
Q

Gingiva

gums

A

the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and holding it in place and protecting roots from decay

49
Q

Tounge

A

actually a muscular organ that forms food into a ball then pushes it to the back of th throat

50
Q

Pharnyx

A

medical term for your throat

51
Q

Uvula

A

a small muscular flap at the back of your throat protecting your nasal passages from food or liquid

52
Q

epiglottis

A

a small flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the lungs

53
Q

Enzymes

A

protein molecules designed to speed up the process of chemical digestion

54
Q

Salivary Glands

A

one pair by the ears, under the lower jaw, and under the tounge that produce saliva

55
Q

Saliva

A

a digestive juice containing water, juice, and digestive enzymes that moistens food, making it easier to chew and swallow and helps neutrilize acids in the mouth

produced by salivary glands

56
Q

Esophagas

A

a muscular tube that connects the pharanyx to the stomach

57
Q

Peristalis

A

wave-like contractions that moves food through the esphogas more effciently

58
Q

stomach

A

a muscular organ that had the largest diameter of any section of the digestive tract. Has 3 layers of protection from the gastric juices it produces

59
Q

Gastric juice

A

a mix of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and mucus to continuing breaking down food

60
Q

chyme

A

The gastric juices break the food down into a thick liquid

61
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lines the walls of the stomach and provides more protection from the digestive enzymes

62
Q

Small Intestine

A

Small diameter but has the longest length of any intestine in the digestive system

63
Q

Duodenum

A

The first 10 inches of the digestive tract

64
Q

Jejunum

A

The middle section in the small intestine where the most absorbstion occurs

65
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream

66
Q

Villi

A

hairlike projections giving the small intestine a larger surface area for absorbtion

67
Q

ileum

A

the longest part of the small intestine where undigestive food moves through to reach the colon

68
Q

Colon

Large intestine

A

Larger in diameter but shorter than the small intestine

69
Q

Appendix

A

a finger-like projection that has no function in digestive that is known

70
Q

feces

A

waste stored in the rectum

71
Q

rectum

A

last few inches of the digestive tract where feces are stored until they are eliminated

72
Q

Pancreas

A

produces pancreatic juice which contains enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins

73
Q

Liver

A

The largest internal organ of the body that preforms hundreds of functions but most importantly it secrets bile

74
Q

Bile

A

a digestive juice responsible for breaking down tough to digest things like fats and oils

Produced by the liver

75
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores the bile and is stuimulated to release the bile to aid in digestion

76
Q

Carbohydrates

A

sugar and straches composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that give us most of our energy and should make up 45% to 65% of our diet

77
Q

Monosaccharides

A

one simple sugar chain and is a simple carbohydrate

78
Q

disaccharides

A

two monosaccharides combined and a simple carbohydrates

79
Q

polysaccharides

A

a formed chain of simple carbohydrates of any length and called a complex carbohydarte

80
Q

Complex carbohydarte

A

a long chain of simple carbohydrates

81
Q

dietary fiber

A

helps lower the amount of cholesterol in your body

82
Q

Cholesterol

A

a fat-like substance that can build up in veins and block blood flow

83
Q

Proteins

A

Made of long chains of amino acids that can be built to create new proteins

84
Q

Amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins that can be built ot create different proteins

85
Q

essential amino acids

A

amino acids that you need that your body can’t produce by itself

86
Q

incomplete proteins

A

proteins that lack one or more amino acids

87
Q

fatty acids

A

chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen attached to a sugar molcule

88
Q

triglycerides

A

a typical fat molcule consisting of 3 fatty acids

89
Q

lipids

A

a general term for a fat like substances that are typically in soluable in water

90
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

animal fats that hold as much hydrogen atoms as possible and are solid at room tempuature

91
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

plant oils that hold less than their maximum amount of hydrogen atoms and are liquid at room tempurature

92
Q

monounsaturated fat

A

a fat that lacks only one hydrogen atom

93
Q

Polyunsaturated fat

A

a fat that lacks two or more hydrogen atoms

94
Q

essential fatty acids

A

essential fat you can only get by eating specific foods

95
Q

hydrogenated oil

A

oils that have added hydrogen

96
Q

lipoproteins

A

packages of fats and proteins transported through the bloodstream (HDL) have high density in proteins and low density in lipoproteins (LDL) have low a high density of cholesterol

Health from a Christian perspective (Freshman Year) (1 decks)

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