Chapter One Flashcards
What is the goal of a strength coach?
Maximize physical performance through programs that are designed to increase muscular strength, endurance and flexibility
Proximal
closer to the trunk
Distal
farther from the trunk
Superior
closer to the head
Inferior
closer to the feet
Origin
proximal attachment
Insertion
Distal attachment
Epimysium
Outer layer of muscle fibers
Fasciuli
perimysium: surrounds each fasciculus
Endomysium
surrounds each fasciculus
Neuromuscular Junction
junction between motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
Each cell only has ___ neuromuscular junctions
one
motor neuron and muscle fibers it innervates are called a ____
motor unit
Sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of muscle fibers
sarcoplasm contains
contractile components
three components of a sarcoplasm
myosin, actin, sarcomere
myosin
thick filaments
the A band contains
myosin
actin
thin filaments
the I band contains
actin
what is the smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle
sarcomere
what is the center of a sarcomere
h-zone
what is the only thing present in the h-zone
myosin
h-zone ___ during contraction
decreases
Ca controls ____ ______
Muscular contraction
Ca is regulated in the ___
SR
sliding filament theory
actin filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments pulling the z-lines toward the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the fiber
phases of the sliding filament theory
resting, excitation, contraction
What is the resting phase
little Ca is present in the myofibril, few myosin are bound to action, muscle is at rest
what is the excitation phase
contraction coupling
contraction coupling
myosin must bind to actin, Ca released from the SR and binds to troponin
the amount of force produced by any muscle is directly related to
the number of myosin cross bridge heads bound to actin
contraction phase
energy for cross bridge flexion comes from hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
the contraction phase will continue as long as ____ is present
Ca
Type I fibers are
slow twitch
type ___ fibers are efficient and fatigue resistant
type I
type ____ fibers are high capacity for aerobic energy
type I
type ___ fibers are limited potential for rapid force development
type I
type ____ are low anaerobic power
type I
Type II fibers are
fast twitch
type I fibers develop for and relax with a ___ twitch time
long
type II fibers develop and relax rapidly with a ___ twitch time
short
type __ fibers are inefficient and fatigable
type II
type ___ fibers are low aerobic power
type II
type ___ fibers have rapid force development
type II
type ___ fibers have high anaerobic power
type II
how do type IIa and type IIx differ?
in their capacity for aerobic-oxidative energy supply
proprioception
specialized sensory receptors located within
Muscle spindles
provide info concerning muscle length and rate of change in length
GTO
activated when the tendon attached to an active muscle is stretched
Primary roles of CVS are to
transport nutrients and remove waste products while maintaining homeostasis
right side of the heart pumps blood to the ___
lungs
left side of the heart pumps blood to the ____
rest of the body
each pump has ___ chambers
two
Atrium
left and right atria deliever blood to the left and right ventricles
ventricles
left and right ventricles supply the main force for moving blood through the pulmonary to the periphery
Stimulation of PNS
Bradycardia: <60bpm
Stimulation of SNS
Tachycardia: >100bpm
Components of an electrocardiogram
pwave
QRS complex
twave
P-wave and QRS complex are recordings of ____ _____
electrical depolarization
depolarization causes a ___ of membrane electrical potential
reversal
inside of membrane becomes more ____ while outside becomes more ___
positive, negative
the t-wave shows
repolarization (recovery from state of depolarization)
Atrial system carries blood ___ from the heart
away
venous system carries blood ___ the heart
to
arteries transport
blood pumped from the heart
arteries have strong muscular walls due to
high pressure gradient
capillaries exchange __,___,___ between blood and interstitial fluid
blood, o2, nutrients
capillaries have ___ walls
thin
veins transport blood ____ to the heart
back
veins have ___ walls due to ___
thin, low pressure gradient
