Chapter One Flashcards
human anatomy
the study of the structural basis of body function
physiology
- the functional processes of the body 2. the study of such function
functional morphology
not just the structure of organs, but the functional reasons behind it
surface anatomy
external structure of the body
radiologic anatomy
internal structure
systemic anatomy
the study of one organ system at a time
regional anatomy
study of multiple organ systems at once in a given region of the body, such as the head or chest
histopathology
study of structure and function of individual cells
cytology
the study of cell structure and function
ultrastructure
structure from the subcellular to molecular level, made visible by the transmission electron microscope; includes structure and spatial relations of membranes, cytoskeletal elements, organelles, and macromolecules
inspection; palpation; auscultation; percussion; dissection
looking at the body’s appearance in careful detail; feeling a structure with the hands; taps & listens for emitted sound; the careful cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships
anatomy & dissection
both mean “cutting apart”
medical imaging
any of several noninvasive or minimally invasive methods for producing images of the interior of the body, including X-rays, MRI, PET, and sonography
radiology
the branch of medicine concerned with producing images of the interior of the body, using such methods as X-rays, sonography, MRI, CT, and PET
radiography
the use of X-rays to form an image of the interior of the body
computed tomography
CT scan; method of medical imaging that uses X-rays and a computer to create an image of a thin section of the body; the image is called a CT scan
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
A method of producing a computerized image of the interior of the body using a strong magnetic field and radio waves.
positron emission tomography (PET)
A method of producing a computerized image of the physiological state of a tissue using injected radioisotopes that emit positrons.
nuclear medicine
Any use of radioisotopes to treat disease or form diagnostic images of the body.
sonography
Production of an image of the interior of the body by means of ultrasound.
levels of human structure (smallest to largest)
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
organism
Any living individual; the entire body of any living thing such as a bacterium, plant, or human.
organ system
Any of 11 systems of interconnected or physiologically interrelated organs that perform one of the body’s basic functions; for example, the digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems.
integumentary system
principle organs: skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands
principle functions: protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication
skeletal system
principal organs: bones, cartilages, ligaments
principle functions: support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid-base balance
muscular system
principal organs: skeletal muscles
principal functions: movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production
lymphatic system
principal organs: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils
principle functions: recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease
