Chapter One

Question 1

human anatomy

Answer 1

the study of the structural basis of body function

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

1. the functional processes of the body 2. the study of such function

Question 3

functional morphology

Answer 3

not just the structure of organs, but the functional reasons behind it

Question 4

surface anatomy

Answer 4

external structure of the body

Question 5

radiologic anatomy

Answer 5

internal structure

Question 6

systemic anatomy

Answer 6

the study of one organ system at a time

Question 7

regional anatomy

Answer 7

study of multiple organ systems at once in a given region of the body, such as the head or chest

Question 8

histopathology

Answer 8

study of structure and function of individual cells

Question 9

cytology

Answer 9

the study of cell structure and function

Question 10

ultrastructure

Answer 10

structure from the subcellular to molecular level, made visible by the transmission electron microscope; includes structure and spatial relations of membranes, cytoskeletal elements, organelles, and macromolecules

Question 11

inspection; palpation; auscultation; percussion; dissection

Answer 11

looking at the body’s appearance in careful detail; feeling a structure with the hands; taps & listens for emitted sound; the careful cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships

Question 12

anatomy & dissection

Answer 12

both mean “cutting apart”

Question 13

medical imaging

Answer 13

any of several noninvasive or minimally invasive methods for producing images of the interior of the body, including X-rays, MRI, PET, and sonography

Question 14

radiology

Answer 14

the branch of medicine concerned with producing images of the interior of the body, using such methods as X-rays, sonography, MRI, CT, and PET

Question 15

radiography

Answer 15

the use of X-rays to form an image of the interior of the body

Question 16

computed tomography

Answer 16

CT scan; method of medical imaging that uses X-rays and a computer to create an image of a thin section of the body; the image is called a CT scan

Question 17

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 17

A method of producing a computerized image of the interior of the body using a strong magnetic field and radio waves.

Question 18

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 18

A method of producing a computerized image of the physiological state of a tissue using injected radioisotopes that emit positrons.

Question 19

nuclear medicine

Answer 19

Any use of radioisotopes to treat disease or form diagnostic images of the body.

Question 20

sonography

Answer 20

Production of an image of the interior of the body by means of ultrasound.

Question 21

levels of human structure (smallest to largest)

Answer 21

atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 21

organism

Answer 21

Any living individual; the entire body of any living thing such as a bacterium, plant, or human.

Question 22

organ system

Answer 22

Any of 11 systems of interconnected or physiologically interrelated organs that perform one of the body’s basic functions; for example, the digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems.

Question 23

integumentary system

Answer 23

principle organs: skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands

principle functions: protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication

Question 24

skeletal system

Answer 24

principal organs: bones, cartilages, ligaments

principle functions: support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid-base balance

Question 25

muscular system

Answer 25

principal organs: skeletal muscles

principal functions: movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production

Question 26

lymphatic system

Answer 26

principal organs: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

principle functions: recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease