Chapter One

Question 1

The Endocrine System

Answer 1

produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones

Question 2

Gonadotropin

Answer 2

releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons- specialized neurons that are activities by certain pubertal hormones

Question 3

Glands

Answer 3

organs that stimulate particular parts of the body respond in specific ways to particular hormones

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

substances that are secreted by one or more endocrine glands that enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body.

Question 5

Set Point

Answer 5

a physiological level or setting that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system

Question 6

Feedback Loop (HPG)

Answer 6

a cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus the pituitary glands, and the gonads

Question 7

Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

One of the chief glands responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

a part of the brain that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland

Question 9

Gonads

Answer 9

glands that secret sec hormones: in males, the testes; in females, of ovaries

Question 10

Testes

Answer 10

male gonads

Question 11

Ovaries

Answer 11

female gonads

Question 12

Androgens

Answer 12

a class of sec hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sex, but in higher levels among females than males following puberty

Question 13

HPG (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) Axis

Answer 13

the neurophysical pathway that creates a feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary glands, and the gonads

Question 14

Adrenarche

Answer 14

the maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence
Before puberty, the pituitary produces hormones acting the thyroid and the adrenal gland and hormones that make us taller or heavier

Question 15

Cortisol

Answer 15

a hormone produced when a person is exposed to stress

Question 16

Kisspeptin

Answer 16

a brain chemical believed to trigger the onset of puberty

Question 17

Leptin

Answer 17

a protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty through its impact on kisspeptin

Question 18

Melatonin

Answer 18

a hormone secreted by the brain that contributes to sleepiness and that trigger the onset of puberty through its impact of kisspeptin

Question 19

Adolescent Growth Spurt

Answer 19

the dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty

Question 20

Peak Height Velocity

Answer 20

the point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly

Question 21

Epiphysis

Answer 21

the closing of the end of the bone, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed

Question 22

Pheromones

Answer 22

a class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other remembers of the species

Question 23

Secular trend

Answer 23

the tendency, over the past two centuries, for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of the improvements in health and nutrition

Question 24

Delayed Phase Preference

Answer 24

a pattern of sleep characterized by ;ater sleep and wake times which usually emerges during puberty

Question 25

Melatonin Rise

Answer 25

we are sleepier as melatonin decreases- we feel awake as melatonin increases

Question 26

Body Mass Index

Answer 26

a measure of an individual’s body fat, the ratio of weight to a height; used to gauge overweight and obesity

Question 27

Disordered Eating

Answer 27

mild, moderate, or severe disturbance in eating habits and attitudes

Question 28

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 28

an eating disorder found chiefly among young women, characterized by dramatic and severe self-induced weight loss

Question 29

Bulimia

Answer 29

an eating disorder found primarily among young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating and extreme weight-loss measures, including self-induced vomiting

Question 30

Binge Eating Disorder

Answer 30

an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight