Chapter. Nervous System

Question 1

The two cell types found in the nervous system

Answer 1

1) Neurons: main workers
•react to changes
•send nerve impulse for communication

2) Neuroglia: support staff
•support neurons

Question 2

Difference between CNS & PNS

Answer 2

CNS:Brain & Spinal

PNS:Cranial nerves & Spinal Nerves
PNS:Sensory Function & Motor Function
(Detects changes) (do something)
PNS:Somatic & Autonomic
(Skeletal Muscle & voluntary ) (involuntary)

Question 3

General Functions of the nervous system

Answer 3

1. Sensory Function 
(Detects changes) 
2. Integrative 
(Make decisions) BASED ON SENSORY
3. Motor Function 
(Decisions are ACTED ON) DO SOMETHING!!
(Carries to effector) (muscle or glands)

Question 4

Division of the nervous system

Answer 4

CNS & PNS

Question 5

Neuron Structure

Answer 5

Schwann Cells: Produces Myelin to insure axons

Question 6

Myelinatd vs Unmyelinated

Answer 6

1) Myelinated: In the PNS have a series of Schwann Cells lined up ALONG THE AXON, each having a WRAPPED COATING of MYELIN insulating the axon.
2) Unmyelinated: In the PNS are encased by the Schwann Cell CYTOPLASM, but there IS NO WARPPED of MYELIN surrounding the axons.

Question 7

Neuroglia of the CNS

Answer 7

astrocytes, ependymal cells, microgila, and oligodendrocytes

Question 8

Neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 8

Satellite cells, and the Schwann Cells

Question 9

A Synapse
what is it?
what happens?
what’s the point of one?

Answer 9

1) Neurons communicate with each other at the SYNAPSE
2) The Synapse is a site at which a neuron transmits a nerve impulse to another neuron
3) PRESYNAPTIC NEURON: sends impulse by releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
4) receives impulse, synaptic cleft separates 2 neurons

Question 10

what does it mean to be depolarized

Answer 10

membrane potential becomes LESS NEGATIVE on the OUTSIDE and POSITIVE on the INSIDE
Na+ channels open at -55Vm

Question 11

what does it mean to be hyperpolirez

Answer 11

membrane potential becomes MORE NEGATIVE on the OUTSIDE and LESS POSITIVE on the INSIDE
K+ channels remain open
Na+/K+ pumps reestablish the RMP

Question 12

multiple sclerosis

Answer 12

1) autoimmune disease that destroys myelin sheath of motor neurons.
2) the scars block transmission of underlying neurons, so muscles no longer receive stimuli. (weak and you die)

Question 13

what does it mean to be polarized

Answer 13

a cell is not stimulated or excited it’s called a resting cell or to be called polarized (more negative on the inside)

Question 14

what does it mean to be repolarized

Answer 14

K+ channels open
Na+ channels close
more positive on the inside

Question 15

Refractory Periods

Answer 15

1) Absolute Refractory Period
(no new action potential can be produced)
2)Relative Refractory Period
(action potential can be generated with a high intensity stimulus)

Question 16

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 16

chemical msg. msg been transferred.

Question 17

what does Acetlylcholine do?

Answer 17

skeletal muscle contraction

Question 18

GABA (amino acids)

Answer 18

inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS

Question 19

Seratonin

Answer 19

primary inhibitory, leads to sleepiness

Question 20

dopamine

Answer 20

in the CNS it creates sense of well-being

Question 21

Antagonist vs agonist

Answer 21

Antagonist: blocks neurotransmitters binding

Agonist: helps in binding of neurotransmitters

Question 22

How do People become addicted/why do people need the drug in higher and higher doses

Answer 22

People become addicted by Endorphins since its very addictive since there’s such a repeated doses causes body to stop producing it’s own endorphins