Chapter III

Question 1

Is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of the crime or criminal activities.

Answer 1

Information

Question 2

Tools of Criminal Investigation?

Answer 2

1. Information
2. Interview/Interrogation
3. Instrumentation

Question 3

Any written or documented statements of persons who possess relevant knowledge concerning a crime. It may include any form of documented data such as directory, file, audio/video tapes and written testimonies.

Answer 3

Traces of Information

Question 4

Common traces of info?

Answer 4

1. Criminal Complaint
2. Information
3. Depositions
4. News Articles

Question 5

To whom, where or which information are derived or developed.

Answer 5

Sources of Information

Question 6

General Categories of Sources of Information?

Answer 6

1. Places
2. Things
3. People

Question 7

CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION AS TO SOURCES?

Answer 7

1. Regular Sources
2. Cultivated Sources
3. Grapevines Sources

Question 8

The visible way of obtaining information like conducting interview, patrol, crime scene search, regular performance of police activities and custodial interrogation.

Answer 8

Overt

Question 9

The secret way of obtaining information

Answer 9

Covert

Question 10

Methods of obtaining information?

Answer 10

1. Overt
2. Covert

Question 11

TYPES OF INFORMATION?

Answer 11

1. Sensory Form
2. Written Form
3. Physical Form

Question 12

the outward manifestations of a criminal event that can be perceived by our five senses – eyes, ears, nose, tongue and hands.

Answer 12

Sensory Form

Question 13

A criminal act may also provide information in a written form like receipts from the motel, food and drinks in the pocket of the suspect.

Answer 13

Written Form

Question 14

The information may actually be in a real form – meaning the failure to retrieve it or receive it at the right time will be useless.

Answer 14

Physical Form

Question 15

are documents that can be obtained and studied to obtain facts on incidents and people. They are vital information since they provide leads in facilitating the investigation process.

Answer 15

Records

Question 16

Records are of two general types:

Answer 16

Public and Private

Question 17

Public

Answer 17

• LAW ENFORCEMENT SOURCES
• GOVERNMENT SOURCES
• PUBLIC LIBRARY

Question 18

Private

Answer 18

• PERSONAL DIARIES
• PERSONNAL LETTER

Question 19

Fast breaking cases, such as kidnapping, can be aided by the investigator’s ability to distribute photographs and important details efficiently and quickly.

Answer 19

The Internet as Sources of Information

Question 20

Those who come to the attention of the investigator because of their involvement or familiarity with a crime or incident.

Answer 20

Regular

Question 21

Those who have special information on a particular crime or criminal or non-criminal activity.

Answer 21

Cultivated

Question 22

• is a general term that refers to any person who gives information to the police authorities relative to a crime.

• Strictly speaking, an informant is any person who furnishes the police information relevant to a criminal case about the activities of criminals or syndicates without any monetary consideration. The informant may openly give information or may serve as a witness voluntarily.

• Voluntarily or willingly provides information to the criminal investigators and offers to be a witness.

Answer 22

Informant

Question 23

Types of informant?

Answer 23

1. Anonymous Informant
2. Rival Elimination Informant
3. False Informant
4. Frightened Informant
5. Self Aggrandizing Informant
6. Confidential Informant
7. Mercenary Informant
8. Double Crosser Informant
9. Woman Informant

Question 24

he may be an anonymous phone caller, letter writer or a text sender.

Answer 24

Anonymous Informant

Question 25

this kind mostly maintains being anonymous. His purpose is to eliminate the rival persons or gang due to competition or other motives such as revenge, etc.

Answer 25

Rival Elimination Informant

Question 26

usually reveals information of no consequence, value or stuff connected with thin air. His purpose is to appear to be on the side of the law and for throwing out the suspicion from himself or from his gang or associates.

Answer 26

False Informant

Question 27

he is prodded by fear or self interest in giving information to the police. He maybe one of the lesser gang member who runs to the police when his gang mates are about to be involved in dangerous situations or when the gang he belongs is hot on the police trail.

Answer 27

Frightened Informant

Question 28

this kind of informant moves around the centers of criminals, group or syndicate and delights in surprising the police about bits of information.

Answer 28

Self Aggrandizing Informant

Question 29

is a person who provides the police with confidential information concerning a previous crime or a projected and planned crime. under the law, these informants are protected and their identity could not be revealed by the police even under the order of the court unless on exceptional case where there is a claim of the defense that the informant framed up the accused.

Answer 29

Confidential Informant

Question 30

the informant has information for sale.

Answer 30

Mercenary Informant

Question 31

he uses his seeming desire to divulge information as an excuse to talk to the police in order to get more information from them more than he gives.

Answer 31

Double Crosser Informant

Question 32

she maybe the female associate of the criminals, who was roughed up, marginalized in the deal or being eased out from the group. Care must be given to this kind of informant because women, given the skills and expertise, are more dangerous than men. They often give free romance that will result in blackmailing the investigator or will result to an extended family for support. Women are said to be most effective among informants because they could easily penetrate the ranks of criminals with less suspicion.

Answer 32

Woman Informant

Question 33

Types of Informant?

Answer 33

1. Female Informant 2. Legitimate Informant 3. Incidental Informant 4. Confidential Informant

Question 34

Informants under this category is usually a mistress or common law wife of criminal. She volunteers information because her lover jilted her. Her motive is often revenge or simply jealousy.

Answer 34

Female Informants

Question 35

Source of info under this category includes operators of licensed premises who do not want their place of business to become the hang out of dangerous criminals.

Answer 35

Legitimate Informants

Question 36

these are also called automatic informants. (victim)

Answer 36

Incidental Informants

Question 37

identity is kept confidential by the respective police officers or investigators who are receiving information that they are providing.

Answer 37

Confidential Informant

Question 38

• Is a person who provides information to the police on a regular basis. They are either paid regularly or in case-to-case basis, or none at all. They are cultivated and established by the police on a more or less permanent character and as long as they are loyal and useful to the police organizations . • Generally paid by the investigator and should be registered with the investigator’s agency. Informers are actually informants by profession usually recruited or paid assets of investigating agencies.

Answer 38

Informers

Question 39

• Is the simple questioning of a person believed to possess information, which are relevant to the investigation of a crime or criminal activities.

Answer 39

Interview

Question 40

Golden Rule in an Interview

Answer 40

"Never allow the interviewer to conduct nor let anyone to conduct an interview without prior visit to the crime scene."

Question 41

GENERAL KIND OF INTERVIEW

Answer 41

1. Cognitive Interview 2. Question and Answer

Question 42

Is conducted to willing and cooperative witnesses, where they are given the full opportunity to narrate their accounts without intervention, interruption and interference from the interviewer.

Answer 42

Cognitive Interview

Question 43

this interview as prescribed by some investigators requires the interviewee to answer the question posed by the investigator. The interviewee to answer on what he knows about what is being asked.

Answer 43

Question and Answer

Question 44

Types of Interview

Answer 44

1. Background Interview 2. Subjective Interview 3. Objective Interview

Question 45

This is focused only in obtaining data regarding the personal background of the subject, the simplest type of interview used in criminal cases.

Answer 45

Background Interview

Question 46

An interview wherein the questions are phrased in a manner such that the subject’s answers are based on his personal opinions or views. Questions are designed to deal with the subjective aspect of the case.

Answer 46

Subjective Interview

Question 47

The questions are designed to acquire the basic and specific data or facts regarding a criminal case. It is the type of interview that complies with the six cardinal points of criminal investigation ( the 5 W’s and 1 H)

Answer 47

Objective Interview

Question 48

QUALITIES OF A GOOD INTERVIEWER?

Answer 48

1. Rapport 2. Forceful Personality 3. KNOWLEDGE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 4. CONVERSATIONAL TONE OF VOICE 5. Acting Qualities 6. Humility

Question 49

What are reasons WHY WITNESSES REFUSE TO TALK?

Answer 49

1. Fear of Reprisal 2. Great Inconvenience 3. Hatred Against the Police 4. Because of Bias of Witness 5. Avoidance of Publicity 6. Family Restriction