Chapter II: Cells, Tissues and Membranes

Question 1

The structural and functional unit of the human body

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

How many cells does the human body contain?

Answer 2

50 to 100 trillion

Question 3

Two general classes of cells

Answer 3

Sex Cells (Germ Cells/Reproductive Cells)
Somatic Cells (Body Cells)

Question 4

What are the sex cells

Answer 4

Sperm for males

Oocytes or immature ova for females

Question 5

Who discovered cells

Answer 5

Robert Hooke, 1665
(English Physicist)

“Examined in thin slices of cork”

Question 6

What microscope was used by Robert Hooke when he discovered cells?

Answer 6

Primitive Microscope

Question 7

Observations of Robert Hooke of the cork

Answer 7

Honeycomb-like that reminded him of monk’s rooms at the monastery

Question 8

French biologist who said that “no body can have life if its constituent parts are not formed by cellular tissue”

Answer 8

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, 1809

Question 9

He reinforced Lamarck’s conclusions and said that all animal and plant tissues are composed of various kinds

Answer 9

Rene’ J. H. Dutrochet

Question 10

Discovery of French botanist, Robert Brown

Answer 10

Nucleus

“all cells contain a relatively large body that he called the nucleus”

Question 11

A smaller body within the nucleus

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

Who proposed the Cell Theory?

Answer 12

German botanist- Matthias Schleiden and

English zoologist- Theodor Schwann

Question 13

Who observed that there is a nucleolus within the nucleus?

Answer 13

Matthias Schleiden

Question 14

He argued that “Every cell comes from a preexisting cell and that there is no spontaneous generation of cells”

Answer 14

Rudolf Virchow, 1858

Question 15

Who said that “All plants are made of cells”?

Answer 15

Matthias Schleiden

Question 16

“All animals are made of cells” was stated by?

Answer 16

Theodor Schwann

Question 17

Four concepts of the Cell Theory

Answer 17

1. All living organisms are made up of one or more
   living units called cells
2. Each cell can maintain its living properties
   independent of the rest
3. The smallest clearly defined unit of life is the cell
4. Cells arise from other cells

Question 18

Important in the discovery of cells and investigation of life

Answer 18

Microscope

Question 19

Provide basic information about cell structure and some of the bodies within cells

Answer 19

Light Microscope

similar to the one used by Hooke

Question 20

Compound and Dissecting Microscopes are types of

Answer 20

Light Microscope

Question 21

Type of light microscope that requires most material being examined to be sliced thinly enough
for light to pass through

Answer 21

Compound

Question 22

Type of light microscope that allows three-dimensional viewing of opaque objects

Answer 22

Dissecting (Stereomicroscopes)

Question 23

Types of Electron Microscope

Answer 23

Transmission electron and Scanning electron

Question 24

Reveals detailed images of tiny

structures within cells

Answer 24

Electron Microscope

Question 25

-200,000x or more magnification

-The material to be viewed must be sliced
extremely thin and introduced into
the column’s vacuum, so living
objects can’t be observed

Answer 25

Transmission Electron Microscope

Question 26

-30 to 10,000x magnification

-surface detail of thick objects  
can be observed when a  
scanner makes the object  
visible on a cathode tube-like  
a television screen

Answer 26

Scanning Electron Microscope