Chapter II: Cells, Tissues and Membranes Flashcards
The structural and functional unit of the human body
Cells
How many cells does the human body contain?
50 to 100 trillion
Two general classes of cells
Sex Cells (Germ Cells/Reproductive Cells) Somatic Cells (Body Cells)
What are the sex cells
Sperm for males
Oocytes or immature ova for females
Who discovered cells
Robert Hooke, 1665
(English Physicist)
“Examined in thin slices of cork”
What microscope was used by Robert Hooke when he discovered cells?
Primitive Microscope
Observations of Robert Hooke of the cork
Honeycomb-like that reminded him of monk’s rooms at the monastery
French biologist who said that “no body can have life if its constituent parts are not formed by cellular tissue”
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, 1809
He reinforced Lamarck’s conclusions and said that all animal and plant tissues are composed of various kinds
Rene’ J. H. Dutrochet
Discovery of French botanist, Robert Brown
Nucleus
“all cells contain a relatively large body that he called the nucleus”
A smaller body within the nucleus
Nucleolus
Who proposed the Cell Theory?
German botanist- Matthias Schleiden and
English zoologist- Theodor Schwann
Who observed that there is a nucleolus within the nucleus?
Matthias Schleiden
He argued that “Every cell comes from a preexisting cell and that there is no spontaneous generation of cells”
Rudolf Virchow, 1858
Who said that “All plants are made of cells”?
Matthias Schleiden
“All animals are made of cells” was stated by?
Theodor Schwann
Four concepts of the Cell Theory
- All living organisms are made up of one or more
living units called cells - Each cell can maintain its living properties
independent of the rest - The smallest clearly defined unit of life is the cell
- Cells arise from other cells
Important in the discovery of cells and investigation of life
Microscope
Provide basic information about cell structure and some of the bodies within cells
Light Microscope
similar to the one used by Hooke
Compound and Dissecting Microscopes are types of
Light Microscope
Type of light microscope that requires most material being examined to be sliced thinly enough
for light to pass through
Compound
Type of light microscope that allows three-dimensional viewing of opaque objects
Dissecting (Stereomicroscopes)
Types of Electron Microscope
Transmission electron and Scanning electron
Reveals detailed images of tiny
structures within cells
Electron Microscope
-200,000x or more magnification
-The material to be viewed must be sliced
extremely thin and introduced into
the column’s vacuum, so living
objects can’t be observed
Transmission Electron Microscope
-30 to 10,000x magnification
-surface detail of thick objects can be observed when a scanner makes the object visible on a cathode tube-like a television screen
Scanning Electron Microscope
