Chapter II Flashcards
Besides allowing for the establishment of the first American colony, why is the charter of the Virginia Company a significant document in American history?
It guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights of Englishmen that they would have enjoyed if they would have stayed home
What fed the resentment of the colonists toward their mother country?
Insistence on the “rights of Englishmen” that they were promised in the charter of the Virginia company
When did the colonists finally disembark at the location that would become Jamestown?
May 24, 1607
What did the “gentlemen” waste their time doing when they should have been hunting for food?
Looking for nonexistent gold
What was John Smith’s rule that whipped the hungry colonists into shape?
“He who shall not work shall not eat”
What was Powhatan’s goal when he set up the mock execution of John Smith?
To impress Smith with his power and with the Indians’ desire for peaceful relations with the Virginians
Who became the intermediary between the Indians and the Virginians?
Pocahontas
Of the 400 Virginians, how many survived the “starving time” winter of 1609 - 1610
60 survivors
In the winter of 1609 - 1610, what did the Virginians resort to eating?
Dogs, cats, rats, mice, and, in some cases, humans
Who led the relief party that ordered the colonists return to Jamestown when they tried to flee back to England?
Lord De La Warr
Who imposed a military regime in Virginia and undertook aggressive military action against the Indians?
Lord De La Warr
What were the dozens of tribes under the rule of chieftain Powhatan called?
The Powhatan Conferacy
Who ordered Lord De La Warr to declare war on the Indians?
The Virginia Company
What event sealed the peace settlement that ended the first Anglo-Powhatan War?
The marriage of John Rolfe with Pocahontas
How many years after the end of the first Anglo-Powhatan War did the Indians strike the Europeans killing 347 settlers, including John Rolfe?
8 years
Following the Indian attacks on British settlers in Jamestown in 1622, what did the Virginia Company order?
“A perpetual war without peace or truce” that would prevent the Indians “from being any longer a people”
Approximately how many years after the end of the first Anglo-Powhatan War did the second Anglo-Powhatan War begin?
30 years later, in 1644
By what year did the English consider the Powhatan extinct?
1685
How did the second Anglo-Powhatan War ended?
With a peace treaty, signed in 1646
Name the 3 D’s that the Powhatan fell victim to?
Disease
Disorganization
Disposability
What are the Lakotas sometimes known as?
The Sioux
What is the name of the nation of the southern piedmont region that formed as a result of the shock of the Europeans’ arrival in the New World?
The Catawba nation
What caused an increase in Indian-on-Indian violence?
Competition for trade with the Europeans for goods such as firearms
What Native American tribe located in the Great Lakes area became a substantial regional power?
The Algonquians
Who was the father of the tobacco industry?
John Rolfe
Approximately 20 Africans were brought to Jamestown and sold in what is described as what?
A Dutch warship
Who authorized the settlers of Jamestown to set up an assembly?
The London Company
What did King James I brand a “seminary of sedition”?
The House of Burgesses
After the Virginia Company loses its charter, Virginia became a what?
A royal colony
Who founded Maryland in 1634?
Lord Baltimore
Which American colony was established to create a refuge for Catholics?
Lord Baltimore’s Maryland
In what colony were the Acts of Toleration passed?
Maryland
What did the Acts of Toleration do?
Guaranteed toleration to all Christians & decrees the death penalty for those, such as Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus
Where tobacco was a poor man’s crop, sugar cane was what?
A rich man’s crop
What is the Barbados slave code of 1661?
A code that denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters virtually complete control over their laborers
By 1700, what was the proportion of black slaves to white settlers in the Caribbean?
4:1
What people arrived in Carolina in 1670?
A group of displaced English settlers, whose land was taken by greedy sugar Barons in the Caribbean
For what king is Carolina named for?
King Charles II
Name the succession of Kings that reigned before and after the English Civil War.
King Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
With what fate did Charles I meet?
Decapitation
What is the period following the English Civil War called?
The Restoration period
Carolina was formally created in 1670 after what?
King Charles II granted to eight of his court favorites, the Lords Proprietors, an expanse of wilderness in North America
What did the Lords Proprietors hope to do in Carolina?
- Grow foodstuffs to supply the Caribbean sugar plantations
- Export non-English products like wine, silk, and olive oil
With what Native American tribe did the Carolinians partner to capture Indian slaves from the interior of North America?
The coastal Savannah Indians
Who protested against the Indian slave trade in Carolina?
The Lords Proprietors, who were in London
What type of peoples founded Pennsylvania?
Quakers
Who led the Quakers in founding Pennsylvania?
William Penn
A series of bloody raids wiped out the coastal Indian tribes of Carolina before they could do what?
Migrate to the backcountry of Maryland and Pennsylvania, where they would have better relations with the Quakers than they did the Carolinians
By 1710, black slaves made up the majority of what mainland North American colony?
Carolina
What town came to become the busiest seaport in the south?
Charleston, or Charles Town
What peoples have been called the “quintessence of Virginia’s discontent”?
North Carolinians
What is the “graveyard of the Atlantic”?
Cape Hatteras
What colony was dubbed a “cake of humility between two mountains of conceit”?
North Carolina
Name the two most democratic, most independent-minded, and lead aristocratic of the original 13 colonies.
- North Carolina
2. Rhode Island
Against what tribe did the North and South Carolinians team up against in 1711?
The Tuscarora Indians
The Tuscaroras eventually became the what?
The Sixth Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy
What Indian tribe did the South Carolinians defeats in 1715?
The Yamasee Indians
Which North American colony was the last of the 13 colonies to be established?
Georgia
What did the English crown intend in the foundation of Georgia?
They intended Georgia to serve as a buffer
For whom was the colony Georgia named?
King George II
Which colony is known as the “Charity Colony”?
Georgia
Who was the ablest of the founders of Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
What was James Oglethorpe interested in?
Prison reform
What did the philanthropists that launched Georgia aim to do?
- Protect the Northern colonies
- Produce silk and wine
- Carve out a haven for wretched souls imprisoned for debt
- Keep slavery out of Georgia
Describe the community of Savannah, GA.
A melting-pot
Name the founder of the Methodist Church.
John Wesley
What became the dominant faith of the American colonies?
The Church of England
