Chapter I

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Involves the repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response

Question 2

Stimulus

Answer 2

Is an external event that affects an individual’s behavior or response

Question 3

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 3

Is a stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response

Question 4

Unconditioned Response

Answer 4

Naturally occurring reaction to a stimulus

Question 5

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 5

States that an individual can gain knowledge by observing others

Question 6

Observational Learning

Answer 6

Occurs when an individual observes the behavior of another person and how the consequences of the behavior are reinforced

Question 7

Self-Efficacy

Answer 7

An important part of social cognitive theory - the individuals belief in his or her abilities to perform specific tasks despite difficulties, obstacles, and initial failures

Question 8

Ecological Systems Theory

Answer 8

Provides a theoretical framework for understanding how a child’s development and behaviors are influenced by the complex interactions of environmental factors - this theory assumes that the child cannot be separated from the many complex social systems surrounding the child and any behavior interventions must involve the child, the environment, and the beliefs of those within the child’s ecological system

Question 9

Universal Design for Classroom Management (UDCM)

Answer 9

A proactive approach to developing behavior and classroom management plans that meet the needs of a diverse student population

Question 10

Eculturation

Answer 10

Is the process through which the child acquires and maintains the cultural norms and values of her family

Question 11

Acculturation

Answer 11

Is the process through which the child adapts to and adopts the values, beliefs, and traditions of another culture