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Physical education chapter 4-6 > Chapter four definitions > Flashcards

Chapter four definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of a skill

A

A skill is a learned action to bring about the result you want with certainty and minimum effort.

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2
Q

Definition of ability

A

Ability is a person’s set of traits that control their potential to learn a skill

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3
Q

What are the four different types of skill classifications?

A

Basic vs complex
Open vs closed
Self-paced vs externally paced
Gross vs fine

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4
Q

What is a basic skill?

A

a skill that doesn’t require much thought or decision making to do. eg) running

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5
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

a skill that needs lots of thought or decision making to do. eg) an overhead kick in football

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6
Q

What is an open skill?

A

Performed in a changing environment, where the performer has to react and adapt to external factors. eg) during a football tackle performers have to adapt to players on a pitch

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7
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

Always performed in a predictable environment - not affected by external factors. Often involves the same action each time.
Eg) breaking off in snooker

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8
Q

What is a self paced skill?

A

Controlled by the performer and they decide how quickly it is done.

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9
Q

What is an externally-paced skill?

A

Skill which is affected by external factors, which control when it starts and how quickly it’s done. Eg) an opponents actions in football determine how quickly and when a pass is played.

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10
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

Involves powerful movements performed by large muscle groups, eg the long jump.

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11
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

Uses smaller muscle groups to carry out precise movements that require accuracy and coordination. Eg) throwing a dart.

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12
Q

What are the two types of goal setting?

A

Performance goals

Outcome goals

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13
Q

What is a performance goal?

A

Goals based on improving your own personal performance.

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14
Q

What is an outcome goal?

A

these are focussed on performing better than other people, eg) winning

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15
Q

What does SMART stand for?

A 
Specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time bound
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16
Q

Why should goals be specific?

A

You need to say exactly what you want to achieve, there should be a specific target and outline exactly what you want to achieve and how you want to do it.

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17
Q

Why should goals be measurable?

A

To see how much you’ve progressed towards your goal over time and to stay motivated to train.

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18
Q

Why should goals be accepted?

A

Goals should be decided by everyone involved (a performer and a coach). The other people involved can make sure the target is set at the right level of difficulty and motivate the performer to stay motivated.

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19
Q

Why should goals be realistic?

A

Set goals you can realistically reach and have everything needed to fulfil your target. Being physically ale and having enough resources, time and facilities. This helps to stay determined during training.

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20
Q

Why should goals he time bound?

A

You need to set a deadline for reaching your goal, meeting short term deadlines keeps you on course to reach your long term goals. It keeps you motivated to train and achieve your goal.

21
Q

What are the four types of guidance?

A

Verbal
Visual
Manual
Mechanical

22
Q

What are the advantages of verbal guidance?

A

Can be combined with other types of guidance. Helpful for elite performers who understand the terminology. Can give guidance during a performance, useful for improving open skills.

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A

Less useful for teaching complex skills, which are difficult to explain. Could be confusing for the beginner if it uses complicated language.

24
Q

What is verbal guidance?

A

an explanation in words on how to perform a technique/

25
Q

What is visual guidance?

A

Visual clues to help you perform a technique. A coach could use videos and diagrams of a technique to show how it should be performed.

26
Q

What are the advantages of visual guidance?

A

Works well for beginners, they can copy the skill. Can be used to teach closed skills - which often repeat the same action each time. Slow motion videos can be useful to highlight small details of a skill for elite performers.

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of visual guidance?

A

Less useful for teaching complex and open skills - more difficult to copy. Demonstrations for beginners must be clear, concise and simple in order to be useful.

28
Q

What is manual guidance?

A

When the coach physically moves your body through a technique. A coach might move your arms when practicing a golf swing.

29
Q

What are the advantages of manual guidance

A

Useful for teaching beginners - they can get the feel of a skill before doing it on their own. Helpful for teaching complex skills.

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of manual guidance?

A

A performer could start to rely on it and not be able to perform the skill without it. Difficult to use with big groups of learners.

31
Q

What is mechanical guidance?

A

Guidance given using sporting equipment. Eg) a harness in trampolining.

32
Q

What are the advantages of mechanical guidance?

A

Useful for teaching beginners - they can feel safe when practicing a skill that might normally be dangerous. Helpful for teaching complex skills.

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

A

A learner may be unable to perform the skill without help of the equipment. Difficult to use in large groups.

34
Q

What are the two types of feedback?

A

Intrinsic feedback

extrinsic feedback

35
Q

What is intrinsic feedback?

A

When you know how well you did because of how it felt (kinaesthetic feedback) and works for elite performers who can judge how well they performed.

36
Q

What is extrinsic feedback?

A

When someone else shows or tells you what happened/how it went and how to improve. This is suited to beginners who don’t have the experience or knowledge to assess their own performances.

37
Q

Information in feedback can focus on what two parts of a skill or movement?

A

Knowledge of performance

knowledge of results

38
Q

What is knowledge of performance?

A

Can be intrinsic or extrinsic, used to determine if you used the right movements or technique. Works well for elite performers to fine tune what they can already perform.

39
Q

What is knowledge of results?

A

What was the outcome of your movements. Usually extrinsic and can include data (your time in a race). Works for beginners to learn what they need to do to get the right results.

40
Q

Why is positive feedback useful?

A

It helps beginners remember what parts of the movement they should repeat and keeps them excited and motivated to learn more.

41
Q

Why is positive feedback not useful?

A

It may lead the performer to thinking they are always doing well and have nothing to work on. Can lead to complacency and will be less motivated if they do not get the results they wish.

42
Q

Why is negative feedback useful?

A

Can be useful for elite performers to help motivate them and set goals of what they need to improve in order to get better results.

43
Q

Why is negative feedback not useful?

A

It can put beginners of learning the skill and make them unmotivated to continue. Too much negative feedback can lead performers to thinking they are not good enough.

44
Q

What are the four stages of the information processing model?

A

Input
Decision making
Output
Feedback

45
Q

What is input?

A

when you receive information from the environment through your senses. (seeing and hearing what is happening in a game). Process involves selective attention.

46
Q

What is decision making?

A

When you decide how to respond to the input. To decide on the best response you compare what is happening at the time (short term memory) with your past experiences of performing the skill (long term memory).

47
Q

What is output?

A

Your muscles react to messages from the brain telling them what to do to perform the skill.

48
Q

What is feedback?

A

After the output you receive extrinsic or intrinsic feedback on the outcome of the skill. Helps to improve the skill the next time you perform it.

49
Q

How is the information processing model used when taking a penalty in football.

A

Input - paying attention to the position of the goalkeeper in front of the net and ignore distractions from the crowd.
Decision making - you’d decide on the best way to perform the penalty by using what you’ve done in previous practice.
Output - your brain would send information to the muscles to tell them where to aim the shot and how powerfully to kick the ball.
Feedback - extrinsic feedback as to whether you scored the penalty or not.

Physical education chapter 4-6 (1 decks)

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