Chapter Five Flashcards by Kati Frankenberg

Catabolism

Releases energy by oxidation

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Anabolism

Uses Energy to synthesize

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Enzymes

Controls all reactions, are catalysts, lowers Ea

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Metabolism

Sum of all reactions

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Active Site

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme

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Cofactor

Nonprotein portion, helps reaction

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Ase

ending of enzymes

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Constitutive

Daily Enzymes

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Inducible

Increase in Enzyme activity

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Repressible

Decrease in activity

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Essential Control

Resources and Energy

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Interfere with enzymes

Denature Proteins, temp, pH, antibiotics, concentration, inhibitors

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Effects of Temperature

Denaturing or freezing of cell membrane

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Effects of pH

Hydrogen Bonds get disrupted

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Substrate

Reactant

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Saturated Substrate

All Active Sites are filled

Competitive Inhibitors

Competes for active site, similar structures

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Not at active sites, block substrate binding

Allosteric Site

Where noncompetitor binds

Feedback Inhibition

Pathway controls amount of enzymes used

Dehyrdogenation

Movement of a H ion and an electron

Substrate Phosphorylation

Phosphate transferred from substrate to ADP

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Chemiosmosis electron transport, ost efficient form

Photophosphorylation

light energy/ photosynthesis

Carbohydrate

Primary energy source

Fermentation

Organic molecules, rare

Steps or Respiration

Glycolysis, Krebs, Electron Transport

Glycolysis

Breaks sugars, Net gain 2 NADH and 2 ATP, Occurs in cytoplasm

Krebs Cycle

Net gain 8 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, occurs in cytoplasm or mitchondria

Electron Transport Chain

Chemiosmosis, proton gradient, Oxidize/reduction process, Vital to life

Chemiosmosis

Energy production, proton gradient

ATP production in Eukaryotes

38 net total ATP, 36 total, 2 lost to active transport