Chapter Eight: Friends And Peers - Key Terms

Question 1

Bullying

Answer 1

In peer relations, the aggressive assertion of power by one person over another.

Question 2

cliques

Answer 2

Small groups of friends who know each other well, do things together, and form a regular social group.

Question 3

companionship support

Answer 3

Between friends, reliance on each other as companions in social activities.

Question 4

controversial adolescents

Answer 4

Adolescents who are aggressive but who also possess social skills, so that they evoke strong emotions both positive and negative from their peers.

Question 5

Crowds

Answer 5

Large, reputation-based groups of adolescents.

Question 6

cyberbullying

Answer 6

Bullying via electronic means, mainly through the Internet.

Question 7

demeanor

Answer 7

In Brake’s description of youth cultures, refers to distinctive forms of gesture, gait, and posture.

Question 8

dormitory

Answer 8

In some traditional cultures, a dwelling in which the community’s adolescents sleep and spend their leisure time.

Question 9

Esteem support

Answer 9

The support friends provide each other by providing congratulations for success and encouragement or consolation for failure.

Question 10

Image

Answer 10

In Brake’s description of the characteristics of youth culture, refers to dress, hair style, jewelry, and other aspects of appearance.

Question 11

informational support

Answer 11

Between friends, advice and guidance in solving personal problems.

Question 12

instrumental support

Answer 12

Between friends, help with tasks of various kinds.

Question 13

Intimacy

Answer 13

The degree to which two people share personal knowledge, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 14

men’s house

Answer 14

In some traditional cultures, a dormitory where adolescent boys sleep and hang out along with adult men who are widowed or divorced.

Question 15

neglected adolescents

Answer 15

Adolescents who have few or no friends and are largely unnoticed by their peers.

Question 16

participant observation

Answer 16

A research method that involves taking part in various activities with the people being studied, and learning about them through participating in the activities with them.

Question 17

rejected adolescents

Answer 17

Adolescents who are actively disliked by their peers.

Question 18

relational aggression

Answer 18

A form of nonphysical aggression that harms others by damaging their relationships, for example by excluding them socially or spreading rumors about them.

Question 19

selective association

Answer 19

The principle that most people tend to choose friends who are similar to themselves.

Question 20

Slang

Answer 20

An informal vocabulary and grammar that is different from that of the native language.

Question 21

social information processing

Answer 21

The interpretation of others’ behaviour and intentions in a social interaction.

Question 22

Social skills

Answer 22

Skills for successfully handling social relations and getting along well with others.

Question 23

sociometry

Answer 23

A method for assessing popularity and unpopularity that involves having students rate the social status of other students.

Question 24

Style

Answer 24

The distinguishing features of youth culture, including image, demeanour, and argot.

Question 25

subterranean values

Answer 25

Values such as hedonism, excitement, and adventure, asserted by sociologists to be the basis of youth culture.

Question 26

Youth culture

Answer 26

The culture of young people as a whole, separate from children and separate from adult society, characterized by values of hedonism and irresponsibility.

Question 27

argot (pronounced ar-go)

Answer 27

In youth culture, a certain vocabulary and a certain way of speaking.