Chapter: ? Development Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

What is the difference between male and female gametes?

A

The size and amount produced

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2
Q

What is the prenatal period?

A

Time between conception and birth

o Formation of a zygote, up to birth

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3
Q

What is the embryonic period?

A

Conception to the first 8 weeks

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4
Q

What is the fetal period?

A

8 weeks to birth

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5
Q

What is the uterus?

A

where organisms will develop

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6
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

where female gametes are produced and then released

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7
Q

What is the Oviduct (Fallopian tube)?

A
  • Lateral third of the fallopian tube: where the sperm “attack”
  • Where the female gamete finally finishes meiosis
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8
Q

What are the fimbria?

A

cilia that “catch” the eggs between ovary and fallopian tube

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9
Q

What is a zygote?

A

a diploid cell produced by the interaction between male and female gametes
o Sperm brings 23 chromosomes. Egg brings 23 chromosomes

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10
Q

What happens by the fifth day?

A

o As you divide, the zygote makes its way down the fallopian tube
 By the 5th day, the zygote has split into 4 cells

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11
Q

What is a morula?

A

A collection of 12-16 cells

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12
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

Blastocyst was differentiated from the morula

o (inner cell mass, blastocyst cavity, trophoblast)
o Reaches uterus around day 4
o Implantation of blastocyst on day 7
 Into the uterine wall (endometrium)

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13
Q

What happens to the inner wall around the 7/8th day?

A

Differentiates into the epiblast and the hypoblast

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14
Q

What is the epiblast layer?

A

o Organism and the amniotic sac (water cushion that surrounds the uterus)
 Single layer of cells
 Primitive streak, tail, and node
•(Gastrulation)

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15
Q

What is the hypoblast layer?

A

Yolk sac

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16
Q

What does the tropoblast become after 7 or 8 days?

17
Q

What happens during gastuaration?

A
o Formation of the three primary germ layers
    Ectoderm: become skin
    Mesoderm: become heart, bones
    Endotherm: become lungs, gut
o Formation of Primitive streak
18
Q

What happens around day 14-15?

A

Migration of cells from the Epiblast on the dorsal surface through the primitive streak displace underlying hypoglast cells (will become the endotherm)

19
Q

What happens during day 16?

A

Mesoderm later forms through movement of the epiblast cells through primitive streak

20
Q

What happens to left over cells after the mesoderm forms from the primitive streak?

A

Left over cells become ectoderm

21
Q

Describe the formation of the notochord

A

o Is a stiffening rod (located under ectoderm) that is later modified into cartilage in the vertebrate
 Runs towards the head of the embryotic disc
o Sends signals the ectoderm
 Cells under the notochord differentiate into the neural plate to make our nervous system
 Forms the nervous system/ nervous tissue
o Neural folds have closed forming the neural tube
 Neuralation: neural tube is invaginated down to the mesoderm, forming the neural groove
 Folic acid prevents problems with neural tube
• Top portion will become cortex, other part will become spinal cord

22
Q

What happens to the ectoderm during day 24?

A

• Ectoderm will fold to form a cylindrical shape, like folding paper into a tube (Day 24)
o Can start to see the adult body plan

23
Q

When can the human body plan be seen?

24
Q

What is the function of the yolk sac?

A

To provide nutrients until week 4

25
How is the growing embryo sustained?
-In placental mammals the mesodermal tissues interact with trophoblast tissues to form the choriono -Amniotic sac surrounds the fetus  Filled with amnion fluid
26
What is the function of the placenta?
 The placenta forms the chorion and uterine wall • Exchanges nutrients, gases, wastes, and antibodies (from mother to fetus) • Contains arteries and veins that goes to the placenta to the umbilical cord o Fetal blood (deoxygenated)flow goes into chorionic vilius  Fetal capillaries allow gas and nutrient exchange
27
What is gestation?
Also known as pregnancy, in humans is 266 days and is divided into trimesters
28
What happens during the first trimester?
o In the first trimester the embryo becomes a fetus -Characterized by rapid cell division and tissue differentiation • Fetus is more susceptible to damage -Heart begins to beat by week four -Limbs form by week eight
29
What happens during the second trimester?
- The limbs elongate and fingers, toes, and facial features form - First fetal movements are felt by the mother
30
What happens during the third trimester?
- Internal organs mature - The brain goes through sleep-wake cycles - Birth occurs when the lungs are mature