Chapter B1 Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

What are the 2 types of electron microscopes? (2)

Answer 1

1. Transmission Electron Microscope

2. Scanning Electron Microscope

Question 2

What is the difference between both electron microscopes? (2)

Answer 2

1. The Transmission Electron Microscope gives 2D images

2. The Scanning Electron Microscope gives 3D images but at a lower magnification

Question 3

What forms the image in a typical school microscope?

Answer 3

A beam of light.

Question 4

Name 5 structures in an animal cell ? (5)

Answer 4

1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell Membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes

Question 5

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 5

The Nucleus controls all the cells activities

Question 6

What is a cytoplasm?

Answer 6

A cytoplasm is a liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended, and where many chemical reactions take place.

Question 7

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 7

The cell membranes controls the movement of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell, and other substances such as urea and hormones out of the cell.

Question 8

What is mitochondria?

Answer 8

The Mitochondria is where energy is transferred during aerobic respiration.

Question 9

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 9

Ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 10

In which part of the cell is energy transferred during respiration?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

What do Plants and Algal cells have in common? (3)

Answer 11

1. A rigid cell wall made of cellulose for support.
2. Chloroplasts (3-5 nanometres) that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis; the chloroplasts absorb light to make food.
3. A permanent vacuole containing cell sap, which keeps the cell rigid and helps to support the plant.

Question 12

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 12

Chloroplasts absorb light for photosynthesis.

Question 13

Onion Cells do not look green. Explain why?

Answer 13

Onion bulb cells are not green because they do not have chloroplasts and they grow underground and do not receive light.

Question 14

Name 1 things Eukaryotic cells have that Prokaryotic cells do not? (1)

Answer 14

1. A nucleus

Question 15

Where is DNA found in a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 15

In Prokaryotic cells DNA can be found in the cytoplasm or in plasmids.

Question 16

Name 3 specialised cells? (3)

Answer 16

1. Nerve cells
2. Muscle cells
3. Sperm Cells

Question 17

What are nerve cells specialised to do ?

Answer 17

Nerve Cells are specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body.

Question 18

Name 4 things Nerve Cells have?(4)

Answer 18

1. Many dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells.
2. an axon to carry the impulse from one place to another, such as from your spine to your big toe.
3. Nerve endings or synapses, which pass impulses to other cells by producing transmitter chemicals.
4. many mitochondria in the synapses to transfer the energy needed to make the transmitter chemicals.

Question 19

What do muscle cells contain? (3)

Answer 19

1. Special proteins that slide over each other
2. Many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for chemical reactions
3. a store of glycogen that can be broken down and used in respiration to transfer energy.

Question 20

Muscle Cells contain a lot of mitochondria. Why?

Answer 20

Muscle cells contain many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for chemical reactions. Also muscle cells need energy to contract.

Question 21

Which organ system contains nerve cells?

Answer 21

The nervous system

Question 22

What do sperm cells have? (4)

Answer 22

1. A long tail that whips from side to side to move the sperm.
2. A middle section full of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed by the tail to move.
3. An acrosome to store digestive enzymes to break down the outer layers of the egg.
4. A large nucleus to contain the genetic information.

Question 23

How are sperm cells specialised?

Answer 23

Sperm cells are specialised to move through water or the female reproductive system to reach the egg.

Question 24

Name 4 specialised plant cells? (4)

Answer 24

1. Root Hair Cell
2. Photosynthetic Cell
3. Xylem Cells
4. Phloem Cells