Chapter 9.6

Question 1

Myasthenia Gravis -cause

Answer 1

Autoimmune disease where the Antibodies block Ach receptors

Question 2

-M.G-Symptoms

Answer 2

Drooping eyelids, DYsphagia (Swallowing), DYsphasia (Speaking), general muscle weakness.

Question 3

M.G-Treatment

Answer 3

No cure:(, Ach inhibitors and immunosuppressents (corticosteroids).

Question 4

DMD)-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-cause

Answer 4

X-linked disease where the gene for distrophyn is defective.

Question 5

Symptoms

Answer 5

2-7 boys, goes from extermities to the head and chest. Cognitive difficulty, lessened heart function—heart failure, weakens iaphragm–use of ventilator—Pneumonia, Decreased muscle mass, weak and britle bones.

Question 6

Treatments-

Answer 6

No cure, STEROIDS to reduce inflammation, and Phys therapy to keep them as mobile as possible

Question 7

Anaerobic Threshold

Answer 7

Point at which muscle metabolism converts to ANAEROBIC Resp.

Question 8

Aerobic Endurance

Answer 8

The length of time your muscle can contract while using Aerobic respiration.

Question 9

Physiological Muscle Fatigue

Answer 9

State of physiological inability to contract even though it is receiving stimulus.

Question 10

Pseudo/Central/Psychological fatigue

Answer 10

Occurs before physiologicla fatigue. Warning, helps prevent you from getting into Physio fatigue.

Question 11

Causes of muscle fatigue

Answer 11

Depletion of fuels (CP stores and glycogen), accumulation of K+,

1. During brief periods of tetany, tension decreases as large motor units (fast twitch fibers) fatigue.
2. Intense short duration exercise produces fatigue rapidly via ionic disturbances that alter Excitation-contraction coupling, but recovery is rapid.
3. Slow-developing fatigue of prolonged low-intensity exercise

Question 12

EPOC

Answer 12

Difference between the amount of Oxygen required if we were to do the whole ting (a full aerobic metabolism) vs the amount of oxygen we actually used.

Question 13

Physiological reason why we increase muscle tension

Answer 13

Myosin heads binding to Actin

Question 14

4 Factors that Determine Force of Contraction:

Answer 14

Frequency of Stimulation, Number of motor units/muscle fibers recruited, Size of muscle fibers, Degree of muscle stretch
These all increase the number of cross bridges attached, thus increasing, contractile force.

Question 15

Describe Aerobic Exercise

Answer 15

3 tings:

a. Exercises like jogging, ect will increase number of myoglobulin, capillaries, mitochondria, ..
b. Consistent Aerobi exercise can convert a few fast glyocolytic fibers to fat oxidative fiers.
c. Overall, it increases the efficiency of muscle metabolism, greater endurance, and resistance to fatigue

Question 16

Resistance training

Answer 16

4 tings:
a. type of exercise: Isometric and weight lifting exercises.
b, Increases size of each muscle fiber–HYPERTR0PHY especially in fast glycolytic fibers
c. Also increases mitochondria, (myo stuff)myofilaments, myofibrils, glycogen and CT
d. This may convert a few fast oxidative fibers to fast glycolitic fibers

Question 17

Cross Training

Answer 17

Combining aerobic exercise and resistance exercise to get the benefits of both.

Question 18

Factors that determine the velocity and duration of muscle contraction

Answer 18

3 tings
Muscle fiber type, load, and muscle recruitment
Tpredominance of fast glycolytic muscle fibers will carry the load faster in a given direction–velocity.
If we have a smaller load, it can be carried faster and we only recruit a small numbe rof muscle fibers.
With more slow oxidative fibers, we can hold the load longer, increasing duraction of contraction and increased recruitment also helps.