Chapter 9.2 The response to exercise

Question 1

What does the human body respond to during exercise?

Answer 1

During exercise the human body responds to the increased demand for energy.

Question 2

Name three body responses to exercise.

Answer 2

• An increase in the heart rate, in the breathing rate and in the breath volume.
• Glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to glucose for cellular respiration.
• The flow of oxygenated blood the muscles increases.

Question 3

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 3

Glycogen is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body.

Question 4

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 4

A polysaccharide is a large molecule made of many smaller monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars, like glucose. Special enzymes bind these small monomers together creating large sugar polymers, or polysaccharides. A polysaccharide is also called a glycan.

Question 5

Why do muscles contain a store of glycogen but most other tissues do not?

Answer 5

In humans, glycogen is made and stored in liver and muscle cells. Muscle cell glycogen is broken down into glucose, and liver glycogen is broken down into glucose as a circulating energy source glucose for use by the body.

Question 6

Which type of respiration do slow twitch muscle fibres rely on?

Answer 6

Slow twitch muscle fibres rely on aerobic respiration and give endurance.

Question 7

What type respiration do fast twitch fibres rely on?

Answer 7

Fast twitch muscle fibres rely on anaerobic respiration and are good for sprinting.