Chapter 9.1 Sculpting Theory Flashcards
1
Q
The 3 different levels of observation used for analyzing hair sculpture are?
A
Basic Form, Detail in Texture, Abstract Structure Created.
2
Q
What is hair sculpting?
A
The artistic carving or removing of hair lengths.
3
Q
Form Line
A
The outer boundary or silhouette shape.
4
Q
Inactivated texture is?
A
Smooth unbroken lines where end of hair strand is not visible.
5
Q
Activated Texture is?
A
Broken lines and exposed hair strands
6
Q
Structure is the lengths across the _______?
A
Curves of the head.
7
Q
True or false: A structure graphic is a diagram that provides an abstract view of the length arrangement to scale and proportion.
A
True.
8
Q
What is Natural Fall?
A
The length or level to which the hair falls on the anatomy over the curves of the head . Allows analysis of surface appearance.
9
Q
What is Normal Projection?
A
When the hair is viewed abstractly (straight out from head) at a a 90 degree. Angle from various points of the head.
10
Q
What are the Four Basic Forms of Design?
A
Solid, Graduated, Increase-Layer, Uniform-Layer.
11
Q
Solid Form.
A
- AKA “One length cut, Bob , Dutch boy, blunt cut.
- Shorter exterior to longer interior.
- Max weight develops at the form line since all lengths fall at one length.
- Shape is rectangle, Texture is Unactivated, color code is blue.
12
Q
Graduated Form.
A
- AKA “Wedge cut, or 45 degree angle cut”
- Shorter exterior gradually progressing to longer interior
- Weight is found above the perimeter line and the shape is triangle
- Texture is activated and unactivated, color code is yellow.
13
Q
Increased Layered Form.
A
- AKA “Shagg, 180 degree angle cut.
- Structure is shorter Interior progressing to longer interior
- No concentrated weight once lengths disperse
- Shape is oval, Texture is activated and color code is red.
14
Q
Uniformly Layered Form
A
- AKA “Layered cut, 90 degree angle cut”.
- Same length throughout with no concentrated weight.
- Shape is circular, texture is activated and color code is green
15
Q
Gradation means shorter exterior gradually progress to longer interior lengths and generally _______?
A
Combined with other forms.
16
Q
Weight is created by the ________ __________ _______ within the given areas.
A
Concentration of length
17
Q
Combination Forms are?
A
Increase/Solid , Increased/Uniform/Graduated, Uniform/Graduated, Uniform/Increase, Graduation/Uniform/Gradation, Square (Rectilinear) Form
18
Q
Increase solid
A
Illusion of an activated surface appearance with maximum perimeter weight. ( Red and Blue )
19
Q
Increase/Uniform/Gradated
A
Close fitting contour; fringe creates height and fullness. (Red Green Yelow )
20
Q
Uniform/Gradated
A
Lengths blend for a totally activated surface texture ( Green and Yellow)
21
Q
Uniform/Increase
A
Highly activated surface and elongation toward the perimeter ( Green and Red )
22
Q
Graduation/Uniform/Gradation
A
Close fitting exterior blends to uniformly layered lengths; graduated interior lengths achieve a focal point toward the face. ( Yellow, Gree, Yellow )
23
Q
Square ( Rectilinear ) Form
A
Weight area is created where increase layering meets the graduated form ( red and Yellow.
24
Q
Shears are also AKA
A
Straight shears that use precision and detailed sculpting, long or short w/ 2 straight blades.
25
Parts of shears.
Shank, finger brace, tension screw, moveable blade, thumb grip, still blade. Finger grip.
26
Palm down position
Used for blunt cut or 0 degree solid form
27
Palm up position
Used for diagonal for ward lines
28
Palm to palm position
Used for diagonal back and graduated lengths
29
On top of finger position
Used for sculpting lengths on top of the head
30
Taper shears are AKA
Thinning shears with 1 straight and 1 notche blade, used to reduce bulk
31
Razors may be used to
Sculpt entire form or to texturize.
32
Parts of a razor are Blade guard, shoulder, shank, _____________?
Blade edge, tang, Handle
33
Hair should always be wet throughout when sculpting ___?
With a razor
34
Foldable razor should be held....
With handle positioned straight out while sculpting with thumb at bottom of shank and place other fingers on top.
35
Nonfoldable razor should be held.......
Position thumb in thumb groove and other fingers on top
36
Clippers
Move in a side to side motion. Come with clippers and attachments.
37
Parts of clippers are..
Adjustable Blade Lever, Adjustable Stationary, Moveable Blade, Guard.
38
Shampoo comb is used to
Detangle wet hair in preparation fro hair sculpture
39
Master Sketcher
Used for controlling or distributing larger amounts of hair as well as for the clipper over comb and shear over comb
40
Sculpting comb
Has fine and wide teeth for distribution when working with medium sized sections of hair
41
taper comb
Taper/Contour/Barber allows sculpting close to scalp , can also be positioned against skin.
42
Seven Sclulpting Procedures.
1 Section. 2 Position Head. 3 part. 4 Distribute. 5 Project. 6. Position Fingers/Shears. 7 Sculpt design line
43
Sculpting head in an
Upright position achieves the most natural result
44
Sculpting head in a forward position.
produces head lengths that are shorter in the nape and longer surface lengths , slight under bevel
45
Sculpting hair in a
Tilted position also used to refine form line.
46
What are the 6 common parting lines?
Horizontal, Diagonal Back, Concave, Diagonal Forward, Vertical Convex
47
Concave
When lines curve inward like a sphere
48
Convex
When lines curve outward like the outside of a sphere
49
What are the 4 types of distribution?
Natural, Perpendicular, Shifted, Directional.
50
Natural Fall is ?
The direction the hair falls naturally due to gravity, used with solid forms and with horizontal , Diagonal back and forward partings
51
Perpendicular is?
When hair is combed at a 90 degree or right angle from its base parting, primarily used in graduated and layered forms, used with vertical , horizontal or diagnol base parts
52
What is Shifted?
When hair is combed out of natural distribution in any direction except perpendicular to the base part, used for more forms except solid and used to create length increases and blending within form
53
What is Directional Distribution?
Celestial axis is used to visualize distribution. Hair is usually sculpted straight up (Vertical) or straight out (horizontal) from the head. Results in lengths increases and is usually used in planar sculpting.
54
Planar Sculpting
Requires directional distribution and utilizes a technique in which the line is sculpted along the side and back planes
55
Projection is also known as ____?
Elevation
56
Elevation is ?
The angle at which the hair is held in relation to the curve of the head.
57
Low projection angles are
0 degree between 30 degree
58
medium projection angle are?
Between 30 and 60 degree
59
High projection is?
between 60 and 90 degree
60
Projection below 90
Produces weight and projection 90 and above makes layers
61
0 projection/ natural fall
Neither lifted or moved away from scalp, usually in nape area, used for solid form
62
standard projection is 45
First section projected establishes the line of inclination. The high the projection angle the greater the graduated texture and line of inclination will be. For Graduated form
63
Increased layered form projection
O. 45, 90 angle is used. Uses conversion layering technique
64
Uniformly layered / normal projection
Angle 90 is used from the curve of the head
65
PARALLEL SCULPTING
Fingers are parallel to part
66
Non-parallel
Positioned unequally away from part for exaggerated length increases and controls weight development
67
Design line is?
An artistic pattern or length guide used while sculpting
68
A stationary design line
Used for progressional lengths in the opposite direction desired. Used to sculpt solid, increase layered, and to achieve weight area in graduated form
69
A mobile design line/traveling guide
When small amounts of hair from previously sculpted part are used to guide length in current part. Used for graduated, sculpted and layered forms as well as square combinations
70
Cross-checking
Final stages after sculpted when the opposite of original partying structure to check design accuracy
71
Texturizing
Also known as tapering or thinning. Involves sculpting shorter lengths within the form or at the perimeter to reduce bulk and create support, closeness, fullness, mobility and visual texture without shortening overall length of hair
72
Coarse textured hair
Should be texturized 1 and 1/2 inch away from scalp
73
Medium textured hair
Should be texturized 1 inch away from scalp
74
Fine textured hair
Should be texturized 1/2 away from scalp
75
Curly textured hair
Should be texturized while dry for more control and shrinkage factor
76
Texturizing at base
Creates expansion and fullness and removes weight, shorter lengths support longer lengths
77
Midstrand texturizing
Between the end and the base up to 1 inch before ends, reduces bulk and weight and also sorer lengths support longer lengths to to create fullness or contoured affect
78
End texturizing
Reduces weight and mobility and shortens the ends and helps blend weight lines
79
3 main categories of texturizing are?
Form line tapering, Countour tapering, and expansion tapering.
80
Notching is
Creates irregular lengths; ideal for curly or wavy hair
81
Bevel-up
Blade is positioned on top of the section of hair, produces slight upward turn of the ends
82
Bevel-under
Blade is positioned. Behind section and moved in curved strokes
83
Pointing
Tips of straight shears are used to create subtle irregular lengths
84
End tapering with taper shears
Creates distinct, regular alternation of shorter and longer lengths
85
Razor etching
Ends of hair is carved into using a back and forth motion
86
Slithering
Shares are opened and closed rhythmically while moving upward from ends; removes bulk and creates mobility
87
Slide cutting
slightly closed shears slide along the strand to produce a rapid length increase
88
Contour tapering
Usually performed at the mid strand and ends to reduce bulk and allow hair to lay closer to the head
89
Razor rotation
Rotating razor and comb in a light circular motion to reduce bulk and blend form, hair should be damp.
90
Expansion tapering
Usually performed near the base or mid strand to create expansion and volume.
91
Low Gradation
Above perimeter hairline, just below occipital. Least amount of transparency
92
Medium gradation
Extends above occipital into the interior
93
High Gradation
Max transparency and extends above occipital into the interior
94
Widows peak
A prominent hair growth pattern that forms at the front hairline and curves to one side
95
Cowlick
A strong growth pattern that moves to the right or left usually wavy or straight @ crown hairline
96
Whorls
Strong circular directional growth , grows on nape or crown
97
Fringe is?
The hair that partially/completely covers forehead
98
Nape is?
Hair that covers area at back of neck.
99
End texturizing
Reduces weight and mobility and shortens the ends and helps blend weight lines
100
3 main categories of texturizing are?
Form line tapering, Countour tapering, and expansion tapering.
101
Notching is
Creates irregular lengths; ideal for curly or wavy hair
102
Bevel-up
Blade is positioned on top of the section of hair, produces slight upward turn of the ends
103
Bevel-under
Blade is positioned. Behind section and moved in curved strokes
104
Pointing
Tips of straight shears are used to create subtle irregular lengths
105
End tapering with taper shears
Creates distinct, regular alternation of shorter and longer lengths
106
Razor etching
Ends of hair is carved into using a back and forth motion
107
Slithering
Shares are opened and closed rhythmically while moving upward from ends; removes bulk and creates mobility
108
Slide cutting
slightly closed shears slide along the strand to produce a rapid length increase
109
Contour tapering
Usually performed at the mid strand and ends to reduce bulk and allow hair to lay closer to the head
110
Razor rotation
Rotating razor and comb in a light circular motion to reduce bulk and blend form, hair should be damp.
111
Expansion tapering
Usually performed near the base or mid strand to create expansion and volume.
112
Low Gradation
Above perimeter hairline, just below occipital. Least amount of transparency
113
Medium gradation
Extends above occipital into the interior
114
High Gradation
Max transparency and extends above occipital into the interior
115
Widows peak
A prominent hair growth pattern that forms at the front hairline and curves to one side
116
Cowlick
A strong growth pattern that moves to the right or left usually wavy or straight @ crown hairline
117
Whorls
Strong circular directional growth , grows on nape or crown
118
Fringe is?
The hair that partially/completely covers forehead
119
Nape is?
Hair that covers area at back of neck.
