Chapter 9 Water Treatment

Question 1

•Coagulation

Answer 1

it is a chemical process used before centimetation to help smaller particles clum together into large ones making it easier to remove

Question 2

how Coagulation works

Answer 2

1) small particles in water are usually negative charges and repel each other
2) chemical like aluminum aluminum are added to neutralize the negative charges
3) once neutralized particles stick together forming large clumps that are easier to remove and handle
4)The best pH rangers for alumni is 6-7 and the iron base is 5.5 - 6.5
5) if the water is too as little more conjugate is needed to lower the pH using chemicals like caustic soda and the hydrate lime can be added to adjust the PH and improve graduate

Question 3

• Flocculation

Answer 3

•The process,of gently slowly mixing water to form clumps of unwanted substances (flocs) by adding ad mixes the ad ing polymers
•polymers help particles stick together

Question 4

3) Sedimentation

Answer 4

• it is the physical process using gravity remove suspended soil
•gravity helps the larger particles to the bottom of the cements Sedimentation tank
•the process removes most of the suspended soil

Question 5

4) Filtration

Answer 5

•passes the water through filter medium, like sand to trap and remove the remaining particles
• purpose of this is to ensure that there are no remaining particles left ,making the water cleaner