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Nursing of Communities > Chapter 9 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

the public health science of epidemiology had made contributions too…… (5)

A
  • understanding factors that contribute to health/disease
  • development of health promotion and disease prevention
  • detection and characterization of emerging infectious agents
  • evaluation of health services and policies
  • practice of nursing in public health
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2
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

the study of the distribution of determinants of health and disease in human population…. the principle science of public health

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3
Q

Sir Edwin Chadwick:

A

1800-1890, United Kingdom

Stated the importance of making sewage pipes to be air tight in order to avoid soiling fresh water

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4
Q

John Snow

A

1813-1858

conducted first cholera outbreak investigation in London by mapping it to a certain location.

father of modern epidemiology

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5
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

-sanitation

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6
Q

descriptive epidemiology:

A

describes what is going on

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7
Q

what 3 things is descriptive epidemiology based on?

A

person, place and time

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8
Q

What is analytic epidemiology?

A

examines complex relationships among the many determinants of the disease. what is causing it?

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9
Q

what is an observational study?

A

does not allow the investigator to control exposure or control or limit other variables that may influence disease

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10
Q

what study designs does a observational study include? (3)

A

cross sectional, retrospective, prospective

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11
Q

What is a cross sectional study?

A

a study that examines relationships between potential causal factors and disease at a specific time, association

ex: television and obesity

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12
Q

What is a prospective study?

A

a study that monitors a group of disease-free individuals to determine if and when disease occurs

looking at the future, must be disease free

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13
Q

what is a retrospective study?

A

a study that compares individuals with a particular condition or disease with those who did not have the disease

looks back in time, already has the condition or has died from it

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14
Q

what is the purpose of epidemiology?

A
  • determine causes of health and disease
  • monitor health of population
  • identify determinates of health and disease in community
  • investigate/evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain health
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15
Q

epidemiology triangle:

A

host, environment, agent

helps us look at how each variable impacts illness

by changing one variable, we can change rate of disease (for better or worse)

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16
Q

what is the ecological model?

A

looks at both social context and genetic or molecular level

17
Q

what are statistics used for?

A

to summarize the data collected thru disease surveillance or an outbreak investigation

18
Q

what is a ratio?

A

comparison of any 2 values, nonrelated subjects

or rate of events, items, persons etc in one group / # or rate of events, items, persons, etc in another group x 10n

19
Q

what is a proportion?

A

comparison of a part to the whole. the numerator is included in the denominator.

20
Q

what is rates?

A

how fast something will happen

21
Q

what are the two main types of morbidity rates?

A

incidence and prevalence

22
Q

what is incidence?

A

measures only new events of interest, measured only within a population and there is always a specified amount of time

23
Q

what is the most sensitive indicator of the changing health of a population?

A

incidence

24
Q

what is prevalance?

A

often used to look at chronic illness, number of existing cases / total population x 10n

25
Q

morbidity vs mortality

A

illness vs death

26
Q

case fatality

A

deaths from a specific disease

27
Q

crude fatality

A

deaths from any cause

28
Q

age specific

A

deaths of a person of a given age

29
Q

infant mortality

A

death of an infant under 1 year per number of live births

30
Q

primary prevention

A

preventing something from happening before it does, vaccines

31
Q

secondary prevention

A

screenings, early diagnosis

32
Q

tertiary prevention

A

physical and occupation therapy, rehabilitation services

33
Q

examples of nursing positions in epidemiology

A
  • nurse epidemiologist
  • school nurse
  • communicable disease nurse
  • environmental risk communications
  • hospital infections control nurse
  • all nursing documentation on patient charts and records is important source of data for epidemiologic reviews

Nursing of Communities (1 decks)

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