Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
•offspring are clones/identical to the parent cell
Cancer
•uncontrollable growth and division of cells
Cell cycle
- 5 stages
- prevents the cell from becoming too large
- allows for growth and heals certain injuries
Centromere
•cell structure that joins 2 sister chromatids
Chromosome
•packaged and organized, consisting of DNA, protein and RNA
Crossing over
- non-sister chromatids exchange pieces of genetic material
* provides 4 different chromosomes
Cyntokinesis
•final step of the cycle where the cells cytoplasm divides into 2 new cells
Diploid
• having 2 copies of each chromosome
Gamete
- haploid sex cell
* combines with another gamete to produce fertilized diploid cell
Haploid
•cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid
Interphase
•1st stage of the cell cycle in which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA
Meiosis
- reduction division process
* occurs in the reproductive cells
Metaphase (middle)
- sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
* 2nd stage in mitosis
Mitosis
•DNA gets copied correctly and equally divided
Prophase (pre)
- nuclear envelope seems to disappear
* 1st stage in mitosis
Sexual reproduction
•production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types
Sister chromatids
•structure that contains identical DNA copies and his form during DNA replication
Telophase
- 2 new nuclear membranes begin to form around the DNA
* last stage of mitosis
Zygote
• fertilized diploid that results in a baby
Anaphase
- Sister chromatids separate
* chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell
