Chapter 9 – Using Supply Chains to Create Value for Customers Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘Sourcing’?

A

The process of evaluating and hiring individual businesses to supply goods and services to your business

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2
Q

What is ‘Procurement?

A

The process of actually purchasing those goods and services

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3
Q

What is ‘Outsourcing’?

A

Outsourcing is the business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods

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4
Q

What is ‘Offshoring’?

A

Outsourcing work to companies abroad

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5
Q

What is ‘Nearshoring’?

A

Outsourcing of business processes to nearby countries (often sharing a border)

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6
Q

What is ‘Onshoring’?

A

Relocation of business processes to a lower-cost location inside national borders

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7
Q

What is ‘Insourcing’?

A

Where firms move activities back in-house

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8
Q

What are the cons of outsourcing?

A
  • Loss of control: product quality, safety, technology

- Takes time for products to make their way back to the company and to consumers

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9
Q

What is ‘Social Responsibility?

A

The idea that companies should manage their businesses, not just to earn profits but to advance the well-being of society

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10
Q

What is ‘Environmental Sustainability?

A

The idea that firms should engage in business practices that have the least impact on the environment so that it’s sustained for future generations

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11
Q

What is ‘Demand Planning’?

A

Process of estimating how much of a good or service customers will buy from you

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12
Q

What is ‘Production Scheduling’?

A

The management of the resources, events, and processes needed to create an offering

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13
Q

What is ‘Lead Time’?

A

The amount of time it takes for a customer to receive a good or service once it’s been ordered

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14
Q

What is ‘Collaborative Planning Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR)’?

A

A practice whereby supply chain partners share information and coordinate their operations

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15
Q

What is ‘Supply Chain Visibility?

A

The ability to track individual components, sub-assemblies and final products as they travel from supplier to manufacturer to consumer

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16
Q

What is ‘Demand-planning Software’?

A

Can synthesize a variety of factors to better predict a firm’s demand

17
Q

What is ‘Stockout’?

A

Occurs when you run out of a product a customer wants to buy

18
Q

What is ‘Safety Stock’?

A

Backup inventory that serves as a buffer in case the demand for a product surges or the supply of it drops off for some reason

19
Q

What is ‘Shrinkage’?

A

A term used to describe a reduction or loss in inventory due to shoplifting, employee theft, paperwork errors, or supplier fraud

20
Q

What are the top reasons for inventory shrinkage?

A
  1. Damaged or expired items
  2. Miscounted inventory
  3. Employee theft
  4. Shoplifting
21
Q

What is ‘Just-in-Time’ Inventory Systems?

A

Keep very little inventory on hand and contract with their suppliers to ship them inventory as they need

22
Q

What is ‘Vendor Managed Inventory?

A

A supply chain agreement where the manufacturer or supplier takes control of the inventory management decisions for the seller or retailer

23
Q

What is ‘Mass Customization?

A

A production system that allows customers to get their computers built exactly to their specifications

24
Q

What are ‘Electronic Product Codes (EPC)’

A

Similar to a barcode but the number on it is unique

They make it possible to distinguish between two identical products

25
What are 'Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags'?
Emits radio signals that can record and track a shipment as it comes in and out of a facility Generally used to track larger shipments
26
What are 'Distribution Centers'?
Is a warehouse or storage facility where the emphasis is on processing and moving goods to wholesalers, retailers, or consumers
27
What is 'Cross-Docking'?
A product being cross-docked will be delivered via truck to a dock at a warehouse where it is unloaded and put on other trucks bound for retail outlets
28
What is 'Logistics'?
Refers to the physical flow of materials in the supply chain
29
What are the different modes of transportation?
- Trucks - Water - Air - Pipeline - Railroads
30
What are the pros and cons of transporting via trucks?
Pros: - Can go anywhere Cons: - Fast - Expensive
31
What are the pros and cons of transporting via water?
Pros: - Inexpensive Cons: - Slow - Many markets not accessible by water
32
What are the pros and cons of transporting via air?
Pros: - Fastest way to ship goods Cons: - Expensive
33
What are the pros and cons of transporting via railroads?
Speed and cost fall between truck and water transportation
34
What are the pros and cons of transporting via pipelines?
Pros: - Cheap to transport products Cons: - Costly to build - Products shipped need to be moved using 2 different transport modes
35
What are 'Track and Trace Systems'?
Electronically record the paths shipments take
36
What are 'Reverse Logistics'?
The process of running damaged and defective products and scrap materials backward through the supply chain to extract value from them