Chapter 9: Transport In Animals

Question 1

Define the circulatory system, or Describe the structure of the circulatory system.

Answer 1

The circulatory system is a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one way flow of blood.

Question 2

Describe the single circulation of a fish in 4 points.

Answer 2

1.Blood flows through the heart once every complete circuit.
2.There are two heart chambers – the atrium and ventricle
3. Blood absorbs oxygen in the gills
4. It is released in body cells then back to the heart

Question 3

In 3 points, describe the double circulation of mammals.

Answer 3

1. There are 4 chambers
2. Blood passes through the heart twice every complete circuit
3. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs, goes to the heart, then to the body and back to the heart

Question 4

Explain the advantages of a double circulation.

Answer 4

1. Oxygenated blood is separated from deoxygenated blood.
2. Blood is pumped under high pressure.
3. Faster delivery of oxygen and glucose to the tissues.
4. Allows animals to increase in size.

Reasons for the increase in pressure and the faster delivery >
In fish, blood loses pressure after leaving the heart.
In mammals however, by returning the blood to the heart after going through the lungs, the pressure is raised again.
This means that cells are supplied with glucose and oxygen faster and more frequently.

Question 5

Blood is pumped away from the heart in _____ and returns to the heart in ________.

Answer 5

Blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins.

Question 6

What are the two upper chambers and the two lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 6

The two upper chambers of the heart are called atria, and the two lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles.

Question 7

List the components of blood.

Answer 7

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Plasma

Question 8

Describe the structure of the heart.

Answer 8

1. It is made up of two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles.
2. The septum separates the left from the right chambers.