Chapter 9 - The Jeffersonian Era Flashcards
Date of Thomas Jefferson’s Inauguration
March 4, 1801
Jeffersonian Republicanism
(1801 - 1825)
Federalist a party of finance, the great defenders of the merchant class. Jefferson’s Republican Party concerned itself with the interests of farmers.
Twelfth Amendment
Enabled electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
Chesapeake Affair
On June 1807, the American frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the British warship Leapard. Americans immediately called for retaliation. Jefferson ordered all British ships out of American waters, and pushed through Congress the Embargo Act, which forbade trade with Britain or France, with which Britain was at war.
John Marshall
Leader of Supreme Court and first great Chief Justice.
Marbury v. Madison
Involved Judiciary Act of 1801. James Madison refused to deliver Marbury’s commission, meaning that Marbury could not take office. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to issue an order forcing Madison to deliver the commission. Marshall knew that he had no means of forcing Madison to obey. Marshall handed down a ruling that preserved the authority of the Court without giving the Republicans an opportunity to defy the court. Was not granted by Constitution. Judicial review – right of the Court to declare a law as unconstitutional.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Handed down in 1824, the ruling protected federal government’s delegated powers, those powers specifically given to the national government by the Constitution.
McCulloch v. Maryland
In 1819, enable government to carry out its delegates powers called implied powers.
Barbary Pirates
Raided Mediterranean shipping and occasionally ventured out into the Atlantic. They captured unarmed merchant ships, enslaved crews, and demanded ransom from their owners. Lieutenant Presley O’Bannon first to plant an American flag on foreign soil.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Sold US Louisiana territory in Louisiana Purchase for 15m. Napoleon was preparing to go to war with Great Britain.
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
Explored Louisiana Territory. At about the same time, Zebulon Pike directed two other important expeditions. The first (1805) went northward to upper reaches of Mississippi River. The second (1806 and 1807), crossed the Great Plains to the Colorado Rockies, where Pike discovered Pikes Peak.
“Mad Anthony” Wayne
Revolutionary war hero who crushed the Indians in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. In the Treaty of Fort Greenville, the Indians surrendered all rights to the southern half of Ohio.
William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh
Two most important veterans of Fallen Timbers from opposite sides.
The Prophet
Tecumseh’s brother who claimed in 1805 to have received a revelation from the “Master of Life.” He taught that Indians must reject the white man’s ways, treat each other fairly and draw together against the whites, who were the offspring of an evil god.
Battle of Tippecanoe
Harrison’s forces drove off the Indians but suffered heavy losses. The Indians abandoned Prophetstown and Harrison destroyed it.
James Madison
In 1808, Thomas Jefferson refused to run for a third term, but convinced Republicans to nominate the Secretary of State, James Madison, as his successor.
Impressment
Britain claimed the right to stop American ships, forcibly remove British deserters, and put them back into service.
Non-Intercourse Act
Restored international trade (although not with Britain or France), but more importantly offered to restore trade with either nation if either would restore restrictions. Didn’t succeed. Later replaced with Macon’s Bill Number Two, which restored trade and offered to trade with one or the other nation at war and refuse to trade with the other.
War Hawks
Intensely nationalistic, pro-war representatives elected to the White House. Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. Believed the British were supporting or equipping Indians.
U.S.S. Constitution
In battles with Guerriere and Java, shattered with broadsides attacks. Nicknamed “Old Ironsides.”
Oliver Hazard Perry
Rose to the challenge to control Lake Erie. Perry defeated the British fleet I the Battle of Lake Erie (September 10, 1813).
Battle of the Thames
October 5, 1813. Harrison routed the British-Indian force. Tecumseh was killed in the battle, and with him died the dream of an Indian confederation.
Battle of Bladensburg
British scattered a large force large force of American militia and cleared a path to the American Capitol. British soldiers set fire to the Capitol.
Fort McHenry
The British fleet tried vainly to bombard the fort into submission. After three days of fighting, in which the British commanding general was killed, the British abandoned the task.
