Chapter 9- The Hydrosphere Flashcards
What is salinity
Measure of the concentration of dissolved salts
Why is there higher salinity in the tropics
High evaporation rates
What is the thermohaline circulation?
Deep water circulation because of differences in water density that arise from differences in salinity and temperature
what is the global conveyor belt circulation
The combination of thermohaline and influences from surface ocean currents
What is ocean acidification?
The increased acidity of the ocean due to large amounts of carbon dioxide
What are tides?
Bulges in the sea surface
How are tides formed?
Gravity from the moon and sun
What is the length of a tidal cycle?
12 and a half hours
What is a perigee?
When moon is closest to earth
What is apogee?
Moon is furthest from the earth
effects of perigee and apogee?
P- higher tides
A- lower tides
What is spring tide?
Moon sun and earth in a line. Highest tides
What is neap tide?
Moon sun and earth form right angle. The lowest high tides
What are the four types of oceanic ice?
Ice pack
Ice shelf
Ice floe
Iceberg
What is permafrost?
Permanently frozen subsoil
Why is permafrost melting bad?
Destabilizing of ground
Three ways of lake formation?
Glacial retreat
Tectonic spread
Sinkhole collapse
3 ways humans alter lakes
Stream diversions
Irrigation Arab sea
Diversion plus drought lake chad
Name major groundwater zones
Zone of aeration
Zone of saturation
Zone of confined water
Aquifers
Waterless ZoneWhat is groundwater mining?
Accumulation of groundwater like mining
How is Ogallala Aquifer an example of groundwater mining?
Largest groundwater reservoir
