chapter 9 test

Question 1

puddling

Answer 1

the heating and cooling of metal to get rid of impurities

Question 2

urbanization

Answer 2

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them

Question 3

socialism

Answer 3

an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Question 4

conservatism

Answer 4

those who wanted to preserve traditional monarchies in europe

Question 5

liberalism

Answer 5

those who wanted to give more power to the elected parliaments

Question 6

enclosures

Answer 6

one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy british landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers

Question 7

crop rotation

Answer 7

the system of growing different crops in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

Question 8

factors of production

Answer 8

the resources -including land, labor, and capital- that are needed to produce and manufacture goods

Question 9

emancipation

Answer 9

the movement to end slavery

Question 10

factories

Answer 10

large buildings in which machinery is used to produce goods

Question 11

entrepreneur

Answer 11

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Question 12

middle class

Answer 12

a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers

Question 13

edmund cartwright

Answer 13

invented the water powered loom

Question 14

james watts

Answer 14

invented the steam engine

Question 15

britian

Answer 15

where the industrial revolution began

Question 16

james hargreaves

Answer 16

invented the spinning jenny

Question 17

henry cort

Answer 17

invented the puddling process

Question 18

eli whitney

Answer 18

invented the cotton gin

Question 19

robert fulton

Answer 19

invented the paddlewheel steam boat

Question 20

richard trevithick

Answer 20

invented the steam powered locomotive

Question 21

when and where did the industrial revolution take place?

Answer 21

in great britain in the 1780s

Question 22

what 5 factors contributed to the start of the industrial revolution?

Answer 22

1. agricultural practices had changed
2. more food supply = growing population
3. abundant supply of money to invest in machines
4. plenty of natural resources
5. markets = outlets for goods

Question 23

how were adult and children factory workers disciplined?

Answer 23

adults were fined for being late and dismissed for serious misconducts, and children were beaten

Question 24

what 2 classes of people emerged in the european society of the industrial revolution?

Answer 24

the industrial working class and the industrial middle class

Question 25

what was the factory act of 1833?

Answer 25

set the legal working age to 9

Question 26

what was a major threat to american national unity during the 19th century?

Answer 26

slavery

Question 27

what was the industrial revolution?

Answer 27

the shift from making goods by hand to making them by machine