Chapter 9 - Solutions

Question 1

what is concentration?

Answer 1

amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 2

how to calculate percent composition by mass?

Answer 2

mass of solute/mass of solution x 100%

Question 3

what is percent composition by mass used for?

Answer 3

aqueous solutions and metal alloys

Question 4

how to calculate mole fraction (X)?

Answer 4

moles of A/moles of all species

Question 5

what are mole fractions used to calculate?

Answer 5

vapor pressure depression and partial pressure

Question 6

how to calculate molarity?

Answer 6

moles of solute/liters of solution

Question 7

what is the sum of all mole fractions in a system?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

what is molarity used for?

Answer 8

rate laws, law of mass action, osmotic pressure, pH and pOH, and the Nernst equation

Question 9

how to calculate molality?

Answer 9

moles of solute/kilograms of solvent

Question 10

when is molality approximately equal to molarity?

Answer 10

dilute aqueous solutions at 25C

Question 11

what is molality used for?

Answer 11

boiling point elevation and freezing point depression

Question 12

what is normality?

Answer 12

number of equivalents of interest per liter of solution

molarity x n

Question 13

what is an equivalent equal to?

Answer 13

one mole of the species of interest

Question 14

what is a dilution?

Answer 14

Solution is diluted when solvent is added to a solution of higher concentration to produce a solution of lower concentration

Question 15

how to calculate concentration of solution after dilution?

Answer 15

M1V1=M2V2

can use mL or L if consistent