Chapter 9 Section 1 and 2

Question 1

the Greek word for city-state

Answer 1

polis

Question 2

an age marked by great achievements

Answer 2

classical

Question 3

a high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built

Answer 3

acropolis

Question 4

a type of government in which people rule themselves

Answer 4

democracy

Question 5

a rich landowner or noble

Answer 5

aristocrat

Question 6

a government in which only a few people have power

Answer 6

oligarchy

Question 7

a person who has the right to participate in government

Answer 7

citizen

Question 8

an ancient Greek leader who held power through the use of force

Answer 8

tyrant

Question 9

Athenian leader who encouraged the spread of democracy and led Athens when the city was at its height

Answer 9

Pericles

Question 10

What bodies of water surround Greece?

Answer 10

Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea

Question 11

How did mountains affect the location of Greek settlements?

Answer 11

Because mountains cover much of Greece, people settled in the flat areas along the coast and in river valleys. Travel across the mountains was difficult, so communities were isolated from each other.

Question 12

To what regions did Minoan and Mycenaean traders travel?

Answer 12

The Minoans traded all around the eastern Mediterranean. The Mycenaeans set up colonies in northern Greece and Italy and shipped their goods around the Mediterranean and Black seas.

Question 13

Why did the Greeks develop city-states?

Answer 13

The city-state provided security and identity for its people.

Question 14

What kinds of landforms are found around Greece?

Answer 14

The mainland of Greece is a peninsula surrounded by islands. Greece is mostly mountains with a few small valleys and coastal plains.

Question 15

How did the sea help shape early Greek society?

Answer 15

Travel inland was very difficult because of the mountains. The Greeks instead turned to the sea. The Greeks became skilled shipbuilders and sailors. The sea was a source of food and a way of trading with other communities.

Question 16

How might the difficulty of mountain travel have been a benefit to the Greeks?

Answer 16

communities were isolated from each other. People created their own governments and ways of life.

Question 17

What was the first major civilization to develop in Greece?

Answer 17

Minoans

Question 18

How were the Minoans and Mycenaeans similar?

Answer 18

They were both societies built around trade.

Question 19

Why do you think the Greeks built their cities around a high acropolis?

Answer 19

This was probably to give the people of the city-state a visual advantage to guard against invasion.

Question 20

How did people vote in ancient Greece?

Answer 20

Voting was usually done by a show of hands, but sometimes assembly members wrote their votes on broken pieces of pottery. Officials collected these pottery pieces and counted the votes.

Question 21

How were citizens involved in the government of Athens?

Answer 21

Only free male citizens of Athens were members of the assembly with the right to vote. Women, slaves, and foreigners could not participate.

Question 22

How are direct democracy and representative democracy different?

Answer 22

Direct Democracy:

• all citizens meet to debate and vote directly on every issue
• no separation of powers
• only free male citizens could vote

Representative Democracy:

• citizens elect representatives to debate and vote on issues
• separation of powers
• all citizens have right to vote

Question 23

How are oligarchy and tyranny different?

Answer 23

Oligarchy is rule by a few, meaning a small group of powerful aristocrats. Tyranny is rule by one, who held power by force.

Question 24

How did Pericles change Athenian democracy?

Answer 24

He encouraged Athenians to take pride in their city and become involved. He believed participating in government was just as important as defending Athens in war. He began to pay people who served in public offices and on juries.