Chapter 9 Section 1 Flashcards
What was the Industrial Revolution?
the greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England during the 18th century
What is an Entrepreneur?
a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business
What sources of energy were used in the Industrial Revolution?
-water power and coal
-iron ore
-rivers
-harbors
What was the crop rotation system?
fields were seeded with a different crop each year so as not to drain the fertility out of the soil
What effect did the Enclosure Movement have in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution?
-landowners tried new agricultural methods
-large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers/ to give up farming and move to the cities
What was the first industry to emerge in Britain?
textile industry
flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule, power loom
john kay, james hargreaves, richard arkwright, samuel crompton, edmund cartwright
invention vs innovation
-the action of inventing something, typically a process/device
-a new or changed entity realizing/redistributing value
Who invented the steam engine and what impact did it have on the growth of industrialization?
James Watt
-it came with canals and the ability to move goods cheaply over distances
How did the Railroad Industry change British Society?
reduced costs and created bigger markets
What does a country need in order to industrialize?
land, labor, capital (wealth)
What is the significance of Industrial Production?
the output of industrial establishments
What was the significance of “Macadam roads”?
a way of making roads so they were now safe and passable for goods
How did Henry Bessemer revolutionize the Railroad Industry?
allowed for the production of cheaper and high quality steel
How did the Industrial Revolution change how people lived?
rapid urbanization/movement of people to cities
What was the “Cottage Industry” and how did it end?
-a small manufacturing operation, often run ihr of a person’s home
-new textile machines caused it to end
What did Samuel Slater do and how did it affect the United States?
introduced the first water-powered cotton mill to the U.S. which revolutionized the textile industry
What two things did Eli Whitney invent? What was the impact of those inventions?
cotton gin: increase in cotton production but increase in number of slaves working
interchangeable parts: step forward in manufacturing and led to increased production
What fid Robert Fulton invent? What part of the Industrial Revolution did it change?
steamboat: moved goods and people throughout the U.S.
Who were the Luddites and why were they unhappy?
Luddites: unemployed home textile workers
-new machinery posed as a threat to their livelihood and they received no support from government
