Chapter 9 Section 1

Question 1

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

the greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England during the 18th century

Question 2

What is an Entrepreneur?

Answer 2

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Question 3

What sources of energy were used in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 3

-water power and coal
-iron ore
-rivers
-harbors

Question 4

What was the crop rotation system?

Answer 4

fields were seeded with a different crop each year so as not to drain the fertility out of the soil

Question 5

What effect did the Enclosure Movement have in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 5

-landowners tried new agricultural methods
-large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers/ to give up farming and move to the cities

Question 6

What was the first industry to emerge in Britain?

Answer 6

textile industry

Question 7

flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule, power loom

Answer 7

john kay, james hargreaves, richard arkwright, samuel crompton, edmund cartwright

Question 8

invention vs innovation

Answer 8

-the action of inventing something, typically a process/device
-a new or changed entity realizing/redistributing value

Question 9

Who invented the steam engine and what impact did it have on the growth of industrialization?

Answer 9

James Watt
-it came with canals and the ability to move goods cheaply over distances

Question 10

How did the Railroad Industry change British Society?

Answer 10

reduced costs and created bigger markets

Question 11

What does a country need in order to industrialize?

Answer 11

land, labor, capital (wealth)

Question 12

What is the significance of Industrial Production?

Answer 12

the output of industrial establishments

Question 13

What was the significance of “Macadam roads”?

Answer 13

a way of making roads so they were now safe and passable for goods

Question 14

How did Henry Bessemer revolutionize the Railroad Industry?

Answer 14

allowed for the production of cheaper and high quality steel

Question 15

How did the Industrial Revolution change how people lived?

Answer 15

rapid urbanization/movement of people to cities

Question 16

What was the “Cottage Industry” and how did it end?

Answer 16

-a small manufacturing operation, often run ihr of a person’s home
-new textile machines caused it to end

Question 17

What did Samuel Slater do and how did it affect the United States?

Answer 17

introduced the first water-powered cotton mill to the U.S. which revolutionized the textile industry

Question 18

What two things did Eli Whitney invent? What was the impact of those inventions?

Answer 18

cotton gin: increase in cotton production but increase in number of slaves working
interchangeable parts: step forward in manufacturing and led to increased production

Question 19

What fid Robert Fulton invent? What part of the Industrial Revolution did it change?

Answer 19

steamboat: moved goods and people throughout the U.S.

Question 20

Who were the Luddites and why were they unhappy?

Answer 20

Luddites: unemployed home textile workers
-new machinery posed as a threat to their livelihood and they received no support from government