Chapter 9 Rocks Flashcards
Minerals
Substance that makes up rocks. Every mineral has its own chemical make-up
Lithosphere
The outer layer of the earth including the crust and the upper part of the mantle
Magma
A very hot mixture of molten rock and gases just below the Earths surface
Sediments
Broken down material caused by weathering and erosion, it also collects in layers
Native elements
Elements found separated in the Earths crust
Crystals
Substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes
Lustre
An appearance of a mineral with the way it reflects light
Streak
Colour of a mineral as a fine powder
Hardness
A measurement of how hard something is by scratching the surface of a solid material
Igneous rocks
Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma
Extrusive
Igneous rock that forms above ground
Pumice
Lava that cools and becomes hard and also floats
Scoria
A dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly
Abrasives
A substance that easily scratches another
Basalt
An igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of lava
Obsidian
A black rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces
Granite
Hard igneous rock with different coloured crystals large enough to be seen to the naked eye
Sedimentary rocks
Rocks formed from sediments
Erosion
The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers etc.
Floodplains
Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods
Glaciers
Large bodies of ice that move downs slopes and push boulders
Moraines
Deposit left by movement of glacier
Sandstone
A sedimentary with medium sized grains
Mudstone
A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering
Shale
A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay
Siltstone
A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone
Conglomerate
Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together
Limestone
A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms
Coal
Sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals
Rock salt
A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up
