Chapter 9-Respiratory And Muscular System Flashcards
1a. Describe the Principle structures of the respiratory system.
The airway: is the mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. These carry air between the lungs and exterior.
The lungs: act as units that carry oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out.
The muscles of the respiratory system: this includes the diaphragm and intercostals. They work together to make a pump that brings air in and out of the body.
1e. How does the body regulate breathing movements?
medulla oblongata detects the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations and signals the muscles in the heart, the lungs and diaphragm to increase or decrease the breathing.
1b. What is the general difference between external, internal, and cellular respiration?
External is gas exchange between air and blood.
Internal is gas exchange between blood and tissues.
Cellular is production of ATP in body cells.
1c. Physiologically, what happens during inspiration and expiration?
Inspiration- pressure in lungs is less than atmosphere, diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards, chest increases and air moves into lungs.
Expiration- the pressure in the lungs is greater than that of the atmosphere, the diaphragm relaxes, chest decreases and air moves out.
1d. what is the exchange of matter between the the body and environment using the mechanism of breathing in gas exchange?
C
- explain the links between technology and problems related to respiration.
2
- What type of experiments can be preformed to measure lung volume values?
The type of experiments that can be performs are breathing into a spirometer to measure how many litres of air we have in our lungs.
- How is the motor (muscular) system fundamental to various body functions?
The muscle system is fundamental because it supports out posture and stability, circulation, the movement of our body parts and helps
With the production of heat.
- Explain how smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle function.
Smooth muscle is the muscles that are the lining of our internal organs ➡️ involuntary
Cardiac muscle is the muscle that is our heart that pumps blood. ➡️ involuntary
Skeletal muscles are the muscles attached to the bones of our body’s and help up with voluntary movements.
- Identify the different parts of the three muscle groups and give an example where to find each.
Smooth- stomach, uterus
Cardiac- heart
Skeletal- bicep, quads.
- Identify technology available that treats a disease/disorder/damage to the muscular system.
Sprains/strains are treated with rest, ice and anti-inflammatory medication
Spasms/ cramps are treated with hydration and electrolyte replacement
- Describe the general action of actin and myosin in muscle contractions and heat production.
Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments. Energy required for muscle contraction comes from ATP.
- Explain the relationship between fitness and muscle fibre type and efficiency of muscle action.
Fitness helps strengthen your muscles it improves oxygen flow, helps control weight and helps with health conditions.
What is the difference between a sprain and strain?
A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, and a strain is a stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon.
When muscles contract they…
Shorten
When muscles relax they…
Lengthen
A flexor is?
A muscle that contracts to bend a joint
An extensor is…
A muscle that contracts to straighten a joint.
Microfilaments are…
Threads of protein -actin and myosin.
A tendon is…
Band of connective tissues that join muscles
Insertion is where…
The muscle attaches to a moving bone.
Chemoreceptors are…
Specialized nerves that are sensitive to specific chemicals. There are two types.
What are the two types of chemoreceptors l?
Carbon dioxide (main regulator) And oxygen (back up receptor)
What is partial pressure?
Each has in a mixture exerts its own pressure. Atmosphere is 21.2 Trachea is 20 Alveoli is 13.3 Arteries is 12.6 Tissues is 4.9 Veins are 4.5
Nicotine inhales does what to your body?
Blood clots
Blood vessels weaken
Heart disease
Cholesterol rises
Inflammation of bronchioles, which results in narrowed air passages and decreased air movement is?
Bronchitis
Emphysema is?
Inflammation and over inflation of the alveoli causing them to rupture and reducing the surface area available for diffusion.
Pleurisy is
Inflammation of the pleural lining
Bronchial asthma
Characterized by the narrowing of bronchial passages
Lung tumours
Reduce the surface area for diffusion
Pneumothorax
Air in between lungs and intercostal space
Hemothorax
Blood between lungs and intercostal.
