Chapter 9 - Reproduction

Question 1

What is Genetic Diversity?

Answer 1

Refers to the amount of genetic variation that exists between individuals

Question 2

What is a Gene Pool?

Answer 2

The total number of individual alleles within a particular population

Question 3

What does Low Genetic Diversity result in?

Answer 3

Inbreeding between closely related individuals & a increase of birth defects occurring in offspring

Question 4

What does a Larger Gene Pool allow for?

Answer 4

Greater the population’s resilience to environmental change

Question 5

What is Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 5

Involves the fusion of male and female haploid gametes (egg & sperm), combining genetic material to form an entirely new organism (zygote)
↪ Offspring are different from the parent organism

Question 6

What the 3 methods of Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 6

Pollination
External Fertilisation - Oviparity
Internal Fertilisation - Viviparity

Question 7

What occurs in Pollination?

Answer 7

Pollen is transferred from the anthers to the female organs by wind or by animals, If the female stigma is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a pollen tube, which grows through the female tissue to the egg where fertilisation takes place by the sperm nucleus

Question 8

What occurs on Oviparity?

Answer 8

Requires a medium (water) which the sperm can use to swim towards the egg cell (occurs in fish and amphibians), females lay the eggs in the water and the male squirts the sperm in the same area

Question 9

What occurs in Viviparity?

Answer 9

Fertilisation occurs within the female (occurs in mammals, insects, birds, reptiles)

Question 10

What are Advantages of Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 10

⠂Increases Genetic diversity of a population (allowing recombinant offspring)
⠂Improves disease resistance (promoting presence of different alleles)

Question 11

What are Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 11

⠂Sexual reproducing reproduce slower (cost of male offspring)
⠂ Time, energy & resources it takes to attract & find a mate
⠂ Risk of transferable diseases associated with sexual intercourse

Question 12

What is Aesexual Reproduction?

Answer 12

Does not require the fusion of gametes, (occurs in unicellular and simple multicellular organisms) Requires only ONE parent and the offspring are an exact copy of the parent

Question 13

What the 6 methods of Aesexual Reproduction?

Answer 13

1. Binary Fission
2. Budding
3. Fragmentation/Regeneration
4. Vegetative Propagation
5. Sporogenesis
6. Parthenogenesis

Question 14

What occurs in Binary Fission?

Answer 14

One Single-celled organism (Bacteria, Amoeba, Paramecium,Euglena) divides into two identical organisms, Effective way of producing many offspring when conditions are good
↪ Water, Food, Right temperatures