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IMAT Chem > Chapter 9: Redox Reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Redox Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Loss of electrons.

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2
Q

What is reduction?

A

Gain of electrons.

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3
Q

Why are oxidation and reduction always paired?

A

They occur together in a redox reaction.

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4
Q

What is the mnemonic for oxidation and reduction?

A

OILRIG (Oxidation Is Loss

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5
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A chemical reaction with changes in oxidation states.

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6
Q

What happens to oxidation state during oxidation?

A

It increases.

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7
Q

What happens to oxidation state during reduction?

A

It decreases.

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8
Q

What does a positive oxidation number indicate?

A

The element is oxidized.

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9
Q

What does a negative oxidation number indicate?

A

The element is reduced.

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10
Q

What is sulfur’s most reduced form?

A

H₂S.

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11
Q

What are sulfur’s most oxidized forms?

A

SO₃ and H₂SO₄.

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12
Q

What are oxidation states used for in systematic names?

A

To indicate oxidation numbers in compounds.

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13
Q

How is the oxidation number of carbon determined in organic compounds?

A

By the type of bonds it forms.

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14
Q

What is the oxidizing agent in a redox reaction?

A

The reactant that accepts electrons.

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15
Q

What is the reducing agent in a redox reaction?

A

The reactant that donates electrons.

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16
Q

Is water a strong oxidizing or reducing agent?

A

Neither; it is weak in both roles.

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17
Q

What does the activity series predict?

A

Whether a metal displacement reaction is feasible.

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18
Q

Which metals are the strongest reducing agents?

A

Reactive metals like K

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19
Q

Which non-metals are the strongest oxidizing agents?

A

Reactive non-metals.

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20
Q

What is KMnO₄ in acidic solution used for?

A

As an oxidizing agent.

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21
Q

What type of agent is iodine in redox reactions?

A

It can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.

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22
Q

What is the general rule for oxidation numbers in neutral compounds?

A

The sum equals zero.

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23
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in most compounds?

A

1

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24
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?

A

-2

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25
Q

What is the oxidation number of elements in their pure form?

A

0

26
Q

What is the oxidation number of alkali metals in compounds?

A

1

27
Q

What is the oxidation number of alkaline earth metals in compounds?

A

2

28
Q

How do you balance redox equations?

A

By equalizing electrons lost and gained.

29
Q

What is the oxidation number of fluorine in compounds?

A

-1

30
Q

How is the oxidation number of chlorine determined in ClO⁻?

A

1

31
Q

How is the oxidation number of sulfur in SO₄²⁻ determined?

A

6

32
Q

How is the oxidation number of nitrogen in NO₃⁻ determined?

A

5

33
Q

What is the significance of the oxidation state of +3 for iron?

A

It indicates the Fe³⁺ ion.

34
Q

Why are reactive metals good reducing agents?

A

They readily lose electrons.

35
Q

Why are reactive non-metals good oxidizing agents?

A

They readily gain electrons.

36
Q

What is the oxidation number of sulfur in H₂SO₃?

A

4

37
Q

What is the role of KMnO₄ in redox titrations?

A

It acts as a strong oxidizing agent.

38
Q

Why is balancing charges important in redox equations?

A

To ensure the reaction obeys the law of conservation of charge.

39
Q

What is the oxidation number of chromium in Cr₂O₇²⁻?

A

6

40
Q

What is the oxidation number of manganese in MnO₄⁻?

A

7

41
Q

How does an oxidizing agent affect another substance?

A

It causes the other substance to lose electrons.

42
Q

How does a reducing agent affect another substance?

A

It causes the other substance to gain electrons.

43
Q

What happens to the oxidizing agent during a redox reaction?

A

It is reduced.

44
Q

What happens to the reducing agent during a redox reaction?

A

It is oxidized.

45
Q

How do you determine the total oxidation number in a polyatomic ion?

A

It equals the ion’s charge.

46
Q

What is the oxidation number of phosphorus in H₃PO₄?

A

5

47
Q

What is the oxidation number of sulfur in H₂S₂O₃?

A

+2 and +6 (average +4).

48
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in NH₃?

A

-3

49
Q

What is the oxidation number of carbon in CO₂?

A

4

50
Q

How do you identify a redox reaction?

A

Look for changes in oxidation states.

51
Q

What is the activity series order of alkali metals?

A

K > Na > Li > others.

52
Q

What are spectator ions in redox reactions?

A

Ions that do not participate in the redox process.

53
Q

What is the role of electrons in redox reactions?

A

They are transferred between species.

54
Q

What does an increase in oxidation number signify?

A

Oxidation.

55
Q

What does a decrease in oxidation number signify?

A

Reduction.

56
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in hydrides (e.g.

A

NaH)?

57
Q

What happens in a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

58
Q

Why is balancing hydrogen and oxygen important in redox reactions?

A

To maintain mass balance.

59
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in peroxides (e.g.

A

H₂O₂)?

60
Q

How does KMnO₄ change color when reduced?

A

Purple to colorless.

IMAT Chem (9 decks)

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