Chapter 9 Quiz Flashcards
an orderly set of stages from the first division of a eukaryotic cell to the time the resulting daughter cells divide
cell cycle
What happens prior to the next division in the cell cycle?
Cell grows larger
Number of organelles doubles
DNA is replicated
What are the two major stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase (includes several stages) Mitotic stage (includes mitosis and cytokinesis)
Most of the cell cycle (90%) is spent in
interphase
Interphase consists of
G1, S, and G2 phases
In the G1 phase, the cell (4)
- is in recovery
- doubles its organelles
- grows in size
- and accumulates raw materials for DNA synthesis
In the S phase, (blank) takes place, (blank) associated with DNA are synthesized. Chromosomes enter the S phase with one (blank) each and leave with 2 identical (blank) each. They remain (blank) until mitosis
DNA replication; proteins; chromatid; sister chromatids; attached
The G2 phase is located between (blank) and the onset of (blank)
DNA replication and onset of mitosis
In the G2 phase, the cell synthesizes (blank) including (blank) necessary for division
proteins, microtubules
What is mitosis? (2)
- nuclear division
2. daughter chromosomes are distributed by the mitotic spindle to two daughter nuclei
In mitosis, Daughter chromosomes are distributed by the (blank) to two daughter nuclei
mitotic spindle
what is cytokinesis?
division of cytoplasm
Mitosis results in what?
two genetically identical daughter cells
The cell cycle is controlled by what types of signals?
internal and external
What are internal signals?
growth factors signaling proteins received at the plasma membrane
What are external signals?
family of proteins called cyclins that increase and decrease as the cell cycle continues. Specific cyclins must be present for the cell to proceed from one stage to the next.
What are cyclins?
family of proteins that are external signals in the cell cycle
What is apoptosis?
programmed cell death
What does apoptosis involve? (4)
a sequence of cellular events that bring about the destruction of the cell:
- Fragmenting of the nucleus
- Blistering of the plasma membrane
- Engulfing of cell fragments by white blood or other cells