Chapter 9 - Provincial Corrections

Question 1

standard conditions

Answer 1

All Canadians on probation are required to keep the peace and be of good behaviour, report to the court or probation officer when required, and report any significant changes to the probation officer or court.

Question 2

caseload

Answer 2

The number of individuals under the supervision of a probation or parole officer.

Question 3

case plan

Answer 3

The “roadmap” for an individual’s rehabilitation that is developed by the offender
and the caseworker.

Question 4

provincial parole

Answer 4

Provincial parole boards are operated in Ontario and Quebec for prisoners in provincial correctional centres, while individuals serving less than two years in all the remaining provinces and territories can apply to the Parole Board of Canada for early releases.

Question 5

fine option programs

Answer 5

Enable people to pay their court-ordered fines using their labour (typically by working in jobs related to community service).

Question 6

intensive supervision probation (ISP)

Answer 6

Places higher levels of supervision on high-risk probationers, and probation officers typically meet more frequently with them.

Question 7

electronic monitoring (EM)

Answer 7

Requires probationers or parolees living in the community to wear a device that communicates their whereabouts to a facility that tracks their movements.

Question 8

home confinement

Answer 8

A sanction that requires an individual on community supervision to remain at home; this is usually coupled with electronic monitoring.

Question 9

breach of probation

Answer 9

a violation of an offender’s condition of probation, such as using drugs or alcohol when it is forbidden, or violating a curfew.

Question 10

Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)

Answer 10

An approach to the community supervision of probationers that is based on the notion that probation officers who have stronger relationships with their clients and challenge their pro-criminal or antisocial beliefs have lower rates of recidivism on their caseloads.

Question 11

gaols

Answer 11

The historic term for jails.

Question 12

police lock-ups

Answer 12

A historic term used to describe police cells, which are places where arrestees
are temporarily held until their first court appearance (e.g., overnight).

Question 13

workhouses

Answer 13

Places developed in the 1800s where the poor and people with mental illnesses were given basic necessities (e.g., beds, meals, and clothes) in return for work.

Question 14

warehousing

Answer 14

When inmates receive only their basic needs and few or no rehabilitative opportunities.

Question 15

contraband

Answer 15

Any item that is forbidden in a correctional facility, such as cellular phones, illicit drugs, home-made liquor, or weapons.

Question 16

“big house” prisons

Answer 16

A style of high-security prisons that emerged in the 1800s and featured large stone buildings surrounded by high stone fences.

Question 17

new generation design

Answer 17

A correctional facility where the cells are arranged on the perimeter of the living unit and the prisoners eat and recreate in a common area (also called a podular design).

Question 18

living unit

Answer 18

Refers to where inmates live within a facility, usually featuring cells that surround an area used for dining, education, and recreation.

Question 19

drones

Answer 19

Unmanned aerial vehicles that have been used to drop contraband into correctional facilities.

Question 19

strip-searches

Answer 19

earches carried out by staff members to detect contraband by requiring inmates to remove their clothing (inmates may be strip-searched after visiting with their family members, for example).

Question 20

direct supervision

Answer 20

A method of inmate supervision where officers directly interact with inmates.

Question 21

dynamic security

Answer 21

The regular interaction between prisoners and correctional officers that promotes problem-solving, information sharing, and rapport building.

Question 22

offender classification

Answer 22

The process by which an individual’s risks and needs are assessed in order to assign the inmate to the most appropriate living unit.

Question 23

subjective classification

Answer 23

Informal assessments of inmates based on the judgment or gut feelings of the correctional supervisor or admitting officer.

Question 24

objective classification

Answer 24

A formal method of prisoner classification that uses risk assessment instruments.

Question 25

ombudsman

Answer 25

An appointed official who investigates complaints made against organizations operated by provincial or territorial governments.