Chapter 9 Microbial genetics Flashcards
what is a nucleotide? what are the 4 types of nucleotides specific to DNA?
nucleotide:
4 types of nucleotides: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
what are the 4 types of nucleotides specific to RNA?
what bonds form the “backbone” of DNA?
Deoxyribose-phosphate connected by phosphodiester bonds
what bonds form the “rungs” of DNA?
what is meant by antiparallel orientation?
What is DNA replication?
DNA is copied by DNA POLYMERASE III (enzyme)
Describe DNA replication
why does DNA replication occur at two replication forks or is “bidirectional” in prokaryotic cells?
what is considered ‘semi-conservative?
what is meant 5’ to3’ polymerization?
what are the roles of DNA helicase, Primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase?
Continuous replication
How does it relate to leading and lagging strands?
discontinuous replication
How does it relate to leading and lagging strands?
how and where do Ozazaki fragments form?
Identify and describe the role for each of the three types of RNA
what is meant by code, codon, anticodon?
how are transcription and translation different?
the genetic code is degenerate, what does this mean?
what is conjugation? how does it iccur?
what is F+ (fertility) plasmid?
how are conjugation pilus and a conjugation bridge used?
what excatly is “F factor”?
what is Transformation? how does it occur?
Griffith’s experiment
