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PSY 101 > Chapter 9: Memory, Cognition, Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Memory, Cognition, Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the a very brief type of memory specifically for sensory information?

A

Sensory buffer (sensory memory)

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2
Q

What is the type of memory with limited capacity and duration of only a few seconds?

A

Short-term memory(STM)

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3
Q

What is the conscious repetition of information?

A

Rehearsal

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4
Q

What is the system of memories which is readily available for access during performance of a task?

A

Working memory

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5
Q

What is the nearly limitless store of memories that last longer than a few seconds?

A

Long-term memory

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6
Q

What is a U-shaped curve showing the likelihood of remembering an item on a list based on positioning?

A

Serial position curve

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7
Q

The improved recall of items at the beginning of a list on a recall task is called what?

A

Primacy effect

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8
Q

The improved recall of items at the end of a list on a recall task is called what?

A

Recency effect

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9
Q

What is the process of taking raw sensory information and converting it into form that we can understand and report called?

A

Encoding

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10
Q

what is the encoding strategy that reduces the total number of items to be remembered by combining them into meaningful units?

A

Chunking

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11
Q

What kind of organizational structure has all the items in some relationship to another?

A

Hierarchy

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12
Q

What is the process of transferring information from STM to LTM?

A

Consolidation

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13
Q

What is the term for our memory’s susceptibility to incorporate false information into it?

A

Misinformation effect

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14
Q

What are the methods used for memory organization called as a group?

A

Mnemonic devices

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15
Q

What is the innermost portion of your temporal lobe called? It includes the hippocampus and neighboring cortex.

A

Medial temporal lobe

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16
Q

What part of the limbic system is crucial for the formation of permanent memories?

A

Hippocampus

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17
Q

What type of memory include explicit memories, knowledge and facts acquired by learning which you can regurgitate to someone else?

A

Declarative memory

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18
Q

What type of memory includes implicit memories? The type associated with perceptual or motor skills that you would have to perform to show someone else

A

Nondeclarative memory

19
Q

What type of memory consists of detailed autobiographical declarative memory?

A

Episodic Memory

20
Q

What is the term for the stable and long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission?

A

Long-term potentation

21
Q

What type of synapse gets stronger the more it causes the postsynaptic neuron to fire and gets weaker if it rarely causes the postsynaptic neuron to fire?

A

Hebbian synapse

22
Q

What is the act or process of accessing information in the LTM?

A

Retrieval

23
Q

What is the term for learning and understanding simple associations between stimuli?

A

Conditioning

24
Q

What kind of LTM is a vivid, detailed memory of a momentous event?

A

Flashbulb Memory

25
Q

What is the large networks of words with meanings that have different degrees of connectedness to one another?

A

Semantic webs

26
Q

What is the large networks of words with meanings that have different degrees of connectedness to one another?

A

Semantic webs

27
Q

What is the natural phenomenon called where we can almost say what we’re thinking aloud but can’t find the particular word?

A

Tip-of-tongue phenomenon

28
Q

What is the type of interference where an existing memory interferes with the formation of a new memory?

A

Proactive interference

29
Q

What is the type of interference where forming a new memory interferes with retrieval of an old memory?

A

Retroactive interference

30
Q

What is the ability of new information presented to affect a person’s response at another time?

A

Priming

31
Q

What is the testing condition in which the participant must cold-recall information with no hints?

A

Free-recall

32
Q

What is the testing condition in which the participant must recall information with hints?

A

Cued recall

33
Q

What is the idea that memories are linked to each other based on characteristics they share? Recalling one word is likely to lead to the recall of another

A

Spreading activation

34
Q

What is the improved ability to retrieve information when the conditions of the original learning are reproduced?

A

Context-dependent retrieval

35
Q

What is filling a gap in a memory with false information?

A

Confabulation

36
Q

What is the term for the memory disorder characterized by retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia, and confabulation which is usually caused by a Thiamine deficiency?

A

Korsakoff’s syndrome

37
Q

What is the pair of structures in the brainstem that receive information from the hippocampus?

A

Mammillary bodies

38
Q

What is it called when you are unable to retrieve information from LTM?

A

Forgetting

39
Q

What is the physical record of memory made in the brain by a learning experience?

A

Memory trace

40
Q

What is the type of mnemonic device where each item of a list is imagined in a separate location in a familiar place?

A

Method of Loci

41
Q

What is the gradual disappearance or a memory based on its physical loss from the brain?

A

Fade

42
Q

What is it called when someone faces a severe impairment of memory?

A

Amnesia

43
Q

What is the type of amnesia for events in which someone forgets prior things prior to events?

A

Retrograde amnesia

44
Q

What is the type of amnesia for events in which someone forgets things that occur after an event?

A

Anterograde Amnesia

PSY 101 (1 decks)

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