Chapter 9 - Materials & Resources Flashcards
chain of custody
A number issued by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), assigned to each order of certified wood purchased by a consumer.
cradle to cradle
A term applied to a product if a new use can be applied to it after the end of its first useful life, diverting it from a landfill.
Cradle to Cradle Certified (C2C)
A product certification program for assessing and constantly improving products by requiring product ingredients to be disclosed to an independent, accredited C2C assessor. C2C rewards achievement in five categories material health, material reutilization, renewable energy and carbon management, water stewardship, and social fairness. There are five C2C levels Basic, Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum.
cradle to gate
A term describing the system boundaries of an environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) that covers all activities from the beginning of its production (i.e., the extraction of raw materials, agricultural activities, and forestry) up to the factory gate.
cradle to grave
A term applied to a product if its lifetime is limited to one application or use, ending in a landfill.
deconstruction
The systematic disassembly of building structures to salvage materials for reuse.
disclosure
The revealing of product or material information to a person or group for the use of making informed decisions.
environmental product declaration (EPD)
A standardized, internationally recognized tool for sharing a product’s environmental impact
based on an ISO-compliant life-cycle assessment (LCA)
can be verified by a third party
includes a detailed analysis that considers all processes in the life cycle of the product, such as raw material extraction and refining, energy use and efficiency during manufacture, transportation methods, and end-of-service-life recycling
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
A third-party certification body that certifies wood is cut from a sustainably managed forest.
GreenScreen
A hazard assessment method that evaluates individual chemicals. Chemicals are assigned to one of four main categories. Benchmark 1 is for chemicals substances known to be associated with certain health problems and are of the highest concern, while Benchmark 4 is for chemicals with the lowest level of concern.
_____ are an impartial tool for the accurate reporting of product contents and the relationship of each ingredient to human and ecological health.
Health Product Declarations (HPDs)
An open standard for reporting product ingredients and their associated health hazards. An HPD is several pages long, with a one-page summary listing company information, metadata about the report, and ingredients, and continuing on subsequent pages with more detail about individual ingredients and their associated health hazards, plus details on any certifications and associated materials.
life-cycle approach
A method of looking at a project from the perspective of its entire life-cycle and not just its useful application by assessing supply-chains, efficiency, pay-back, environmental impact, and recyclability.
life-cycle assessment (LCA)
An assessment of the environmental impacts associated with a material or product throughout its life cycle. Another type of LCA can be applied to the materials and systems that constitute an entire building over its entire life cycle.
life-cycle costing (LCC)
An analytic tool used to determine the most cost-effective option among competing alternatives based on the costs of the options throughout their life cycles.
materials reuse
The reuse of materials whose lifetime has been extended to be used in the same purpose for which they were designed.
